Introduction year time limit is believed to be held in Russia in 1597 on the orders of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.However, this event was preceded by a long history.In Russia some time before the above-mentioned legislation a system of relations connected with the so-called Yuriev day.Every year on November 26 marked the day of St. George (George), which finally ended in agricultural work.
Already at that time were peasants who worked on their own sites.And those who worked in the areas of landlords and had certain obligations that are processed "poryadnymi records."If all conditions of the agreement have been made to the late autumn, the employee may, within two weeks before and after the St. George's Day to go to another "employer."Recent historical research shows that long before there were the so-called summer time limit, the peasants had little opportunity to change owners.This was facilitated by the fact that the terms of the agreements between landowners and peasants were prohibitively heavy for agricultural workers.
work with old records showed that long before it was adopted by the above-mentioned decree, the peasants did not use their right to conversion.So, in 1580 in one of the districts of Moscow Russia 60 peasants change landowner could use only two.But there were enough people who had fled from his master in search of a better life.
By the end of the 16th century, their number was that was passed a decree restricting the peasant law in St. George's Day and introducing forbidden years in some areas of Russia.In addition, we identified by the appointed summer.This was the period during which landowners could reclaim runaway peasants from other owners or the return of those who left them at will.First, the term is 5 years.In 1607 it was increased to 15 years.
However, during the Peasants' War, when people from the enslavement and mass starvation have fled to the south, formed armed groups, opposed the power of summer time limit is not respected because the country was in a state of civil war.The government was forced to make concessions and reduce the time bar back up to 5 years.
In the 40s of the 17th century summer time limit is extended to 9 years, and in 1642 it was found that runaway peasants can be returned within 10 years and to demand from another owner for 15 years.In 1649, the Romanov dynasty tried to tidy up the legal system of the country, which is characterized by randomness and lots of conflicting decrees.The result of this work was the Conciliar The Code, to cancel, including a portion to the summer.So in Russia appeared serfdom.In more recent times, in addition to the impossibility of escape from the landlord, the peasants could be sold to the army, exiled to Siberia or to hard labor.
Russia is not the only state that has passed through enslavement.Almost all European countries have similar systems at home, and about the same time it was canceled (in our country - in 1861).Western Europe has passed this way a little earlier, Eastern - a little later.And in Bhutan serfs existed until 1956.Although some historians consider the withdrawal of passports from the Soviet collective farm workers a kind of enslavement.
