Carolingian Renaissance - the period of intellectual and cultural revival in medieval Northern Europe since the end of the eighth century to the middle of the ninth, in the era of the reign of the Frankish rulers of the Carolingian dynasty, especially during the time of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, Charles the Bald.
This time was characterized by growing interest in literature and writing, art, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical reforms and scripture study.Aesthetics revival based on the achievements of the culture of ancient Rome.
After a period of stagnation and certain decadence in the development of intellectual thought, art and culture, Charlemagne gathered at his court many brilliant minds of the time, intending to use them to revive their state the level of scientific, philosophical, artistic education, which wascharacteristic of the Roman culture.
Lack of education was particularly noticeable among the clergy.Even those monks who spent their days copying ancient manuscripts, barely able to read what is written, especially to understand the meaning.For this reason, the manuscript survived the seventh-eighth centuries are often so confused that hardly served decoding.Since there was no standard academic language they are written in capital letters, with a lot of errors, without any punctuation.In the state
Carl Franks could not find a good copy of the Bible or the full text of the Benedictine rule, for which had to be sent to Rome.First of all, the main goal is the unity of Charles Frankish church which is entirely under its control.He himself was a very educated man for his time.He studied Latin, Greek, rhetoric, logic, astronomy.While in northern Italy, Karl met with Anglo-Saxon scholar Alcuin, who is known as the mastermind behind the Carolingian Renaissance.
brilliant scholar, he lived in New York, where there was a library with an extensive collection of manuscripts.Carl persuaded Alcuin to move to Aachen, residence of the Frankish king, in order to develop educational programs for the palace school.The scientist has developed a course, intended for the preparation of priests and monks.It is possible to find the origins of the seven liberal arts: the trivium - grammar, rhetoric, logic;and quadrivium - the mathematical arts, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and music.Of these subjects consisted of classical and literary education.Students read Homer, Virgil, Horace, Juvenal, Plato, Cicero.
Heroes revival - is not only Alcuin.Among those invited to the court of Charlemagne were other reputable scientists, philosophers, poets, Peter of Pisa, Charles instructed in Latin, Paulinus of Aquileia assigned Patriarch of Aquileia (Peacock II), Lombard Paul the Deacon, Visigoth Theodulf.
Center for Scholars and education became a monastery, which had a special room to copy ancient manuscripts.But there was no mindless cheating - all texts were carefully studied by the monks.The new manuscripts words were separated from each other, there was the punctuation.Carl standardized medieval Latin.The fact that much has changed in Latin since Roman times, new words, phrases, idioms, which had to be included in the language.Karl took into account all the changes, and there was a medieval Latin in the form in which it is known today.
term "Carolingian Renaissance", introduced by the French historian Jean-Jacques Ampere in the 19th century, is often challenged because that era was limited primarily to the development among the clergy and lacked a comprehensive social movements characteristic of the ItalianRenaissance.In addition, it no longer represents an attempt to revive the culture of the Roman Empire.However, it was the simultaneous distribution of Christian religious practices and common culture.A reign of Charles was so great that it is compared with the rule of Alexander the Great, Caesar Augustus, Constantine, Justinian.
death of Charles was one of the main reasons for the decline of the Frankish state and its culture.
In retrospect Carolingian Renaissance also has some features of the "false" heyday, when the cultural achievements were largely scattered within a few generations.
flowering of art covers approximately a hundred years, from 800 to 900 years, but it was an influential period when Northern Europe, based on the classical (Roman) art forms, prepared the ground for the rise of Romanesque and, ultimately, Gothic art.Since then preserved illuminated manuscripts, metal, sculpture, mosaic and fresco work.
The architecture of the Carolingian Renaissance is characterized by style, introduced by Charles and prevailed until the reign of the German King Otto I. This was also a conscious attempt to recreate the Roman and Byzantine architecture, but thanks to the innovations it has acquired a unique character.
