first five-year plan - is conditional naming of the first five-year plan under the accelerated industrialization of the USSR in the late 1930s.Through this period, the country received a powerful industrial-military complex.
What is the premise of the forced industrialization of the Soviet Union?The failed the New Economic Policy, or NEP, namely grain procurement crisis in the years 1927-1928, has led to the management decision to change the economic policy and the beginning of reforming the entire system of the Union.
the first five years - 1928 (date of adoption of the plan) - 1932 (deadline, that is, performing all the tasks of the first phase of industrialization).
On the transition to the new policy and making the first five-year plan was expressed by 16 Conference of the CPSU (b).The first five-year plan began in October 1928.It was then adopted a plan, but it was not yet clear objectives.
What are the objectives set itself the Soviet government?Firstly, it was necessary to overcome the technical and general backwardness of the country;Second, the Soviet Union had to get rid of economic dependence, primarily on military supplies;Third, before the power was an important task: the creation of a powerful military-industrial complex;Fourth, the industrialization had to give a strong basis for collectivization.
first five-year plan has its own characteristics:
- high rate (industrialization called "forced");
- deadlines (the famous calls "Give 5 yrs in 4 years!);
- disproportion in the development of the dominance of heavy industry over light;
- industrialization at the expense of domestic savings.
leadership of the Soviet Union to use all means to bring people to the mass "construction site."Hundreds of people, seeing the campaign calls, send and built factories, laid railroads participated in the construction of power plants.In this era, there was a mass of well-known Soviet posters, which reflect the essence of self-consciousness of the people at that time.
Also during the first five-year plan was launched collectivization, which was accompanied by dispossession.The second year of the first five-year plan would later be called the "Year of Great Change."However, not everyone knows what the price created collective farms and factories.How many ruined families were deprived of the house, how many people died from the cold ...
In 1932, the end of the first Five-Year Plan.The results were as follows it:
- created a powerful defense complex;
- was eliminated unemployment;
- been achieved economic independence of the USSR;
- there was a planned economic system of the Soviet Union;
- five-year plan has stimulated extensive development of the country.
First Five-Year Plan has been successful in terms of tasks: create DnieproGES, Uralmash, there were huge steel plants, including a plant in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk and Norilsk.Opened the first subway in Moscow, began its activities in the Stalingrad tractor works and Kharkiv.Thus, the USSR was a great military power and industrial independence.
