Renaissance replaced the European culture of the Middle Ages.This phenomenon has its origins in Italy, it was here that he had seen the first signs.The Italian Renaissance had on the period from the second half of the XIII to XVII centuries.It is based on the principle of humanity, that is, the dignity and human beauty.At this time, begins to form a secular culture, there is an exemption from the church scholasticism and religious dogmas.Culture becomes anthropocentric.The term "Renaissance" was introduced by Giorgio Vasari.He described the time as a revival of antiquity.Otherwise known as the era of the Renaissance.
Renaissance was accompanied by some controversy, due to the fact that it came at the peak of the war, and only at the end of their values have changed dramatically.The priority was not the moral and material, is the development of middle class, increased influence of the church.
Literature
ancestor of the Renaissance in Italy is considered to be of Dante Alighieri, that he was able to discover the essence of the people of this period in a literary work "The Divine Comedy."In the works of the authors of the Renaissance humanist ideals expressed, glorified creative freedom of the individual.Man's inner world in all its diversity emotional opened Petrarch.It is impossible not to note the novel of Boccaccio, the treatises of Machiavelli, Ariosto and Tasso's poem.Literature was based on the traditions of antiquity and folk poetry.It combines rationality and poetic fiction.The increasing popularity receive comic genres.It was during this period are written such world-famous works as "The Decameron", "Don Quixote."
Architecture
Italian Renaissance architecture has long followed the medieval tradition, it was expressed in the use of Gothic elements.Italian gothic significantly different from the Gothic to other European countries.Structures had a large, peaceful lines, wide wall with horizontal articulation.One of the most famous temples of the time is the church of Santa Croce, its building started by Arnolfo di Cambio in the XIII century.Finish the diamond rustication, wooden ceilings, the unity of the interior space - all distinctive features of the temple.
Sculpture
Art Renaissance is characterized not only by the introduction of innovations in architecture, but also by changes in the sculpture, which is currently experiencing a heyday.Increasingly popular are the state and merchant orders.Known sculptors of the time were Lorenzo Ghiberti, Luca della Robbia and others. Robb, for example, famously started to apply glazing technique in sculpture and relief.He created majolica busts of saints, the Madonna and Christ.The art of this sculptor, received deserved recognition of his contemporaries.
painting of the Italian Renaissance is not without painting.It is executed in the fresco technique.The artist wrote on the plaster paints on water.In the middle of the XV century widely cardboard drawings made on paper or cloth.In Venice, the building was decorated not fresco and beautiful pictures made with oil paint.Also, the Italian Renaissance gave the world and this kind of art as an engraving.Perform engraving on metal and wood.It is worth noting that the artists of the Renaissance drew attention to the landscape, human anatomy, light.The landscape is not just a backdrop, but an element of the story in the film.
to the great masters of the art of the Renaissance include Brunelleschi, Verrocchio, Mantegna, Donatello, Masaccio, Botticelli and others.The first artist to portray three-dimensional, it is assumed by Giotto.
to the philosophy of this era include Nicolaus Copernicus, Jean Bodin, Lorenzo Valla, Nicholas of Cusa, Niccolo Machiavelli.
