reproduction of organisms - a reproduction of reproductive individuals like themselves, with the participation of germ cells of both partners, so by default it is considered sexually.This is a characteristic feature of all life on Earth.With this all clear.Now let's find out what is called asexual reproduction, and in what ways it happens.
What is called asexual reproduction
Before formulating this concept, we note that a form of asexual reproduction is common both in multicellular and unicellular organisms.Who is not in the theme, explaining that the first to include plants and fungi, and to the second - the simplest living organisms (such as an amoeba).The name of this method of reproduction speaks for itself - without the sex cells.That's breed amoeba, ciliates, shoes and other protozoa.Note that this reduces the variability of the body to nothing.The only "loophole" in the natural selection of unicellular organisms - this is just a random mutation.
Thus, reproduction in plants and animals, which occurs asexually - a reproduction of their kind, are not associated with the exchange of information between individuals of a genetic character.
methods of asexual reproduction
Once we figured out what is called asexual reproduction, no harm will mention his methods, of which there are many.First - this division.From a single individual, such as amoeba formed other two - subsidiaries.The nucleus begins to divide, while the cytoplasm begins to disintegrate into two chasti.Vtoroy way - is the reproduction spores or spore formation.It requires spores multicellular organisms such as plants or fungi.Important!Bacterial spores are not involved in reproduction, since a single bacterium can form only one way to sporu.Sleduyuschy - budding.So it reproduces, for example, the simplest coelenterates - Hydra.Child specimens formed from the "mother" of the body.By the way, budding and division are a special way of asexual reproduction - vegetative.For more information, we will tell nizhe.Fragmentirovannym method of asexual reproduction have, such as starfish.It happens like this: the body "mother" begins to divide into parts.Each of them becomes a child body. Vegetative reproduction in animals and plants
special way of asexual reproduction of plants and lower animals - vegetative.Reproduction occurs by means of vegetative organs such as roots, leaves, shoots or modified.For example, raspberries multiplies the roots (see the figure), violet - leaves, and so on.By the way, the most popular, this method uses a reproduction among wild rasteniy.S biological point of view, the process of reproduction of the plant due to the desire to restore their lost parts.Reproduction vegetatively can pass both naturally and artificially, for example, with the help of man.In this way, the reproduction and have many plants that can reproduce sexually.In animals, the vegetative method is performed division or budding.
So, quite a number of reproductive techniques on their own example shows us what is called asexual reproduction.
