Volcanoes are cracks on the surface of the earth's crust through which magma leaves later turning into lava and volcanic bombs followed.They are found on every continent completely, but there are places in the world their particular cluster.This is caused by a variety of geological activity processes.All volcanoes, depending on their location and activities are divided into several main categories: terrestrial, submarine and subglacial, extinct, dormant and active.
Science that deals with the study of them is called volcanology.This is the official discipline recognized worldwide.
volcanoes tend to occur with some regularity.This emits large amounts of volcanic gases and ash.Several hundred years ago, people believed that these processes are caused by the wrath of the gods.Currently, humanity knows that the eruption is a natural character, and causes volcanoes rooted deep in the earth, where the accumulated liquid-hot magma.In some places, it gradually begins to climb the volcanic vents to the surface.Usual magma is quite easy to miss a variety of gas evaporation, so the lava comes out relatively quietly.It all looks so as if it pours.
silicic magma, which is more dense in structure, keeps the gas evaporation is much longer, resulting in a high pressure, and volcanic eruptions occur in the form of the big bang.This phenomenon can also be triggered by the movement of tectonic plates and earthquakes.
terrestrial type volcanic eruptions will generate deadly pyroclastic flows, different in power.They are composed of hot gas and ash on the slopes and rushing at great speed.In addition, there is an emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere and hot lava flows to the surface.The effects of underwater volcanoes such as directly related to the formation of deadly waves and tsunamis.Faults relating to subglacial as a result of its major eruption, depending on a particular geological and geographical location, may lead to the formation of landslides, mud flows and powerful collapse the glaciers themselves.Volcanic eruptions are usually associated with the loss of an earthen cover, air pollution, water pollution, lakes, rivers, and thus the drinking water.
Separately worth noting malfunctions of various infrastructures, the destruction of residential buildings and non-residential farm buildings, hunger and distribution of various kinds of infections.
consequences of powerful eruptions of volcanoes have a direct impact on climate change, and can trigger the onset of so-called volcanic winter.Ash and gases formed by the explosion reached the atmospheric layer and, as a veil, will lay a full Earth.The sun's rays penetrate stop and sulfuric acid in the form of precipitation will fall to the surface.The effect that happens as a result of such processes will be similar to the effects of a nuclear winter.Eruptions of this kind are quite rare, and scientists are now doing everything possible to reduce the probability of their occurrence.
