In today's world the problem of deviant behavior is particularly acute.Economic inequality, massive globalization, free access to information, the development of democracy as well as social events often cause adverse reactions in adolescents.Youth in revolt against injustice, established or imposed by moral principles.Often this protest turns into a particularly dangerous form that bring harm not only to the young "revolutionaries", but also the whole society.
deviations from normal behavior
has long been beyond the limits outlined by humanity in the course of its development.Deviant behavior, examples of which can be seen in all sectors of society - is a deviation from accepted norms, customs, principles and traditions.It is unusual not meet the expectations of the world or a group of people.It is clear that there is absolutely ideal society: its members often make exceptions to the rule, bypassing the canons do not perform the tasks.But this reaction is not aggressive or destructive color, rather, it is filled with elements of stealth, sloth, greed, and other individual traits.Such a person if and harms himself and others, he is a minor, easily rectifiable.
quite another matter - deviant behavior.Life examples show that it has the most negative impact not only on the mental and physical development, but also to his socialization.And the saddest thing of it may suffer other person.Deviant behavior is its focus:
- selfish goals.Acts whose aim - to get material benefit: theft, robbery, speculation, theft, fraud.
- aggressive manifestations.This action against the individual: sexual, physical and emotional violence.
- Social and passive attitude.Avoiding a full life in the community, lack of interest in current events: vagrancy, drunkenness, suicide.
behavioral abnormalities can be classified by a number of factors, depending on the form of violation (etiquette, morality, law);motivation (selfish, aggressive, pessimistic);artist (individual, group of people, organization).
Varieties of deviant behavior
Sabotage can be divided into two large groups of disorders.Each of them are fundamentally different, as the basis of incentive are diametrically opposed elements:
1. Mental disorder, that is, the presence of adolescent congenital or acquired pathology.The problem of deviant behavior occurs most often in people with schizophrenia, asthenia, imbecility, mental retardation and other disorders of consciousness.This group can also include individuals who have accentuated character when certain behavioral disorders are still in the normal range, but almost bordering on pathology.Thus individuals can also put a definite diagnosis, but often they do not pass the necessary treatment, because they can live a full life, not finding features in their psyche.
2. Antisocial behavior.People who are inclined to negative actions are completely mentally healthy.Riot, performed by them, has a lot of different reasons ranging from "nothing to do" and to attempt to turn all the foundations of society upside down because of the unfair distribution of wealth in it.If the offenses committed by these people, do not bring great harm to the world around them, the correction of deviant behavior occurs by punishment in accordance with the norms of labor and administrative law.Police often prescribe offenders correctional work or charge them with a fine;at the enterprise, agency or office of such individuals face a reprimand, disciplinary action or dismissal.If the offense is a criminal, then the violator to apply more severe penalties, such as arrest or imprisonment for one or the other lines.
Whatever the starting point of deviant behavior, it in any way necessary to prevent, and to a person who has committed an offense, apply preventive, curative and punitive measures.
accentuation
should talk about it in detail, since this feature is most frequently observed in juveniles in the transition to adulthood.Accentuation, as already mentioned - is a slight deviation from the norm of behavior.In this case, adolescents pronounced one character trait, often negative, which becomes a problem in communicating with others.For example, he can openly rude to teachers and parents to abandon homework, adults ignore the requests for assistance and so on.The reasons for this may be several: a complex curriculum, the difficulties of adolescence, the influence of puberty.Adding the personal troubles or stress experienced due to problems in the family, we get most of the deviant, ready to take revenge on everyone.
happens that the child passes the protest is not in active and passive form.This behavioral response is called depression, and her carefully concealed minors from adults.It can develop because of alleged physical disability that children attribute to themselves in adolescence.Also, the teen may be the so-called locus of control when he unnecessarily take responsibility for important or tragic events.This is also a deviant behavior.Examples can be called the following: feelings of guilt after losing a loved one, loss of a pet, or a serious illness best friend.
reasons for deviant behavior
Partially we are already named.Sociologists are three main primary source through which the adolescent social behavior beyond the pale:
- social inequality.This phenomenon is facing child still in elementary school: classmates dress better than he is, they have more pocket money and so on.Minor feels poor, uschemlёnnym.He can not fully develop their capabilities and talents because of the lack of material goods.Even self-actualization sometimes difficult when there is no money available, that can be used to purchase books, atlases, encyclopedias.A teenager angry at the whole world, but first of all - parents.Even if they are trying their best, deviant does not understand that a person does not always coincide with the wishes of its capabilities.
- moral and ethical factor.Expressed as a low spiritual development of society, apathy towards science and the arts.A child watching the decline of morals among the people: many of them, for example, is considered an ordinary event trade body and labor, mass alcoholism and prostitution.
- environment, society.Representatives of the latter not only ignore deviants, but often even favorably apply to them.In our time, their regret, blaming throughout the education and living in dysfunctional families, and forget that the personality is formed in the first place is not the parents, but the man himself.There are many individuals who grew up in a hostile environment, but managed to cultivate the inner strength of will and fortitude, therefore reached certain heights in life and become normal members of society.
Characteristics of deviant behavior is marked by a complete lack of strong qualities in adolescents or their stay in the "sleep" state.Instead, they self-selected a lighter, but a dangerous road, which gives them a deceptive oblivion in the form of alcohol or drugs or imaginary affirmation, manifests itself in the form of violence.
Typology
Types of behavior runs counter to the normal way of life, and singled out the American sociologist Robert K. Merton, known for his studies of the problem.His typology is based on the concepts of deviation as the gap between the revered moral values and the methods to achieve them:
- innovation.People take the target society, understand them, but they deny the normal ways to achieve (the prostitute, the creators of the pyramid schemes, the blackmailers, the great scientists).
- ritualism.The objectives of the society are ignored, and the way to achieve them takes absurd.As an example, the bureaucrat, requires a detailed fill hundreds of blank documents.He forgets the main thing: what the papers were signed.
- Retritizm - an escape from reality.The individual goals and refuses all the ways to achieve them (drug addict, homeless).
- Riot.The denial of moral principles, their desire to change, to replace more advanced and progressive (revolutionary).
Behaviors of Merton show us that the deviation is not always negative.After all, the actions of a revolutionary is not bad, it's just trying to create better conditions for life.With regard to the great scientist, because it is considered, on the contrary, respected and revered person with minor oddities or eccentricities.
Alcoholism and drug addiction
These two forms of deviant behavior among teenagers are more common than others.Alcoholism - excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors that endanger their physical and mental health, addiction is a pathological dependence.The reasons are many: genetic predisposition, congenital syndrome, individual personality characteristics, adverse environment, curiosity.Deviant behavior, examples of which show drinking alcohol schoolchildren, is a consequence of the low level of development, lack of demand in the collective self-doubt.To extract the child from the danger of the company and quickly to save him from the negative effects of alcohol, it is necessary to find a victim exciting experience, as well as normal friends who show an example of self-affirmation by other methods.The Company also has come up with legal measures to prevent welding of minors: a ban on the sale of alcohol under the age of 18 ladies, fine parents for the appearance of their son or daughter in a drunken state.In addition, accustoming children to alcohol is a crime that is punishable under administrative and criminal law.
Addiction - another departure from the norm.It involves the systematic use of intoxicating consciousness of substances that cause deep and irreversible damage of mental and physical functions.The teenager became addicted to pills, injections and powders because of neglect by society.Often with drugs minors express themselves or satisfy curiosity.Addicted to it often encourages the teenager to take the path of crime to illegally obtain money to buy potions.Children in such bondage, should be treated in specialized institutions.Leave yourself from drugs is often impossible.
prostitution and homosexuality
Deviant behavior, examples that show girls to provide sexual services for a fee or without it, is also not uncommon.The main reason - the desire to make money, to improve the financial situation of their own, if the parents are not able to provide all the whims dictated by fashion and promoted by the media, "a beautiful life."Add to this low level of culture and its social teen promiscuity, trouble in the family and the indifference of adults, the way to the bar for a child becomes a kind of salvation, the possibility of escape from the difficulties and vicissitudes.To reduce prostitution among minors to a minimum, it is recommended to develop special programs of sex education, equalize social inequalities, to raise awareness among the population.
As for homosexuality, it is in most cases an innate predisposition.Finding that he was not like the others, the teenager gets depressed, begins to take in a lot of drugs and alcohol, suffering from neuroses and mental disorders.Such minor need skilled care specialist.If homosexuality he was pulled through deception or coercion, the guilty ladies face imprisonment.By the way, sexual perversion - too deviant behavior.Life examples show that young people become interested in sadomasochism, group intimacy and other unnatural things.
Suicide and crime
intention to commit suicide or attempt to intimidate others in such a way - and especially deviant behavior.The most dangerous age for young people - 16-19 years: at this time usually comes disappointment in life because of a failed first love, the inability to find work or continue their education.Social status, conflicts with society and stresses are also a powerful incentive to suicide.For people with suicidal tendencies, organizing counseling services and hotlines.Important and preventive work: education child cheerful optimist, demonstrating by example that life is beautiful and black stripes, which are found in almost all, it is only to bring diversity and tart flavor.
offenses - a form of anti-social behavior, which is directed against the citizens, society and way of life.The motivation in adolescents are different: ranging from the ordinary mischief and ending unwarranted aggression.To protect the growing generation from the influence of the criminal world, it is necessary to conduct lessons in schools on relevant topics.Parents, for their part, are obliged to explain that to break the law - it is bad, cause harm or to hurt others - is unacceptable and deviant behavior punished in any way.
Help
How to pull out of that adolescent antisocial abyss in which they are mired?Sociologists say: first, to help a special state program.Deviant behavior of children is required to take under control, it is the task of specialists.It is also to be created favorable conditions for the opening of rehabilitation centers of various ways in which experienced professionals could deliver the youth from addictions, to direct their energy into productive and useful to the community channel.
Second, will provide invaluable assistance hotlines operating in each city, national and regional hotlines family counseling psychologists.
Third, the study of environmental adaptation of teenagers should not stop even for a day.Deviant behavior of pupils requires constant adjustments, which must take place in full cooperation with the Inspectorate for Minors, doctors, police officers, representatives of the guardianship.If necessary, these children need to withdraw from the family, if the reason for the deviation is precisely the influence of parents.
Prevention of deviant behavior
To do this, specialists have developed the following measures:
1. Conducting educational and developmental programs, courses in schools.The lectures are aimed at educating adolescents and education in their sustainable aversion to drugs, alcohol, and so on. D.
2. Promotion of sports and healthy lifestyle.The prohibition of advertising of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages.
3. Organization of interesting and informative leisure youth.Working with children of deviant behavior requires the development of such a scenario in many ways, which would correspond to modern trends and fashion trends.
4. Caring for the material well-being of children.
Prevention of deviant behavior should cover all sectors of the population, irrespective of their social status, religion, education level and other factors.The main task - to establish a trust relationship between a teenager and his parents.Only then can we be sure that in case of any problems the student seek help from the mother or father, not to doubtful friends.
friendly relations in the family - a pledge that you will never encounter deviant behavior of your son or daughter.Take care of that in the future will not have any problems, you need a very young age.Pay attention to your daze: give him the love and tenderness, do not swear in front of him, talking with the baby on various topics, share their feelings and emotions, and listen to the heir to listen to his opinion.
