What should be the teacher education today?In what direction should develop teacher education in the 21st century?On these and other questions we have to clearly answer if we want to build a proper perspective of the modern paradigm of teacher education in Kyrgyzstan.
modern pedagogical education multicomponent phenomenon involving school level (core classes with pedagogical bias), secondary teacher education, higher teacher education, teacher training, postgraduate and doctoral studies.
In our article, we will focus on one of the components of teacher education: namely, higher education teacher training for primary and secondary schools.
Kyrgyzstan have traditionally engaged in teacher education teacher training schools, educational institutions and universities.
in teacher training colleges and colleges of education today is mainly carried out the training of teachers for primary schools, in colleges and universities, as a rule, teachers for primary and secondary schools.With 80 years of XX century in some universities, such as the KSU named Arabaev, the Issyk-Kul State University, Osh State University and other regional universities have opened branches or faculties of pedagogy and methodology of elementary education, which trains teachers for primary schools.
specialized higher education institution solely focused on teacher training, today in Kyrgyzstan there.Formally parent institution in teacher education, by inertia, former Pedagogical University named Ishenaaly Arabaev, now renamed the Kyrgyz State University.Although there are trained in other specialties and areas not related to teacher education.
In the past, there were several teachers of higher educational institutions (Przewalski State Pedagogical Institute, Osh State Pedagogical Institute, the Women's Pedagogical Institute, PIRYAL) are only prepared teachers.In teacher training the republic made a significant contribution to many institutes and universities of the Russian Federation (Orenburg, Kursk, Michurinsky, Moscow Pedagogical Institute named after M. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Voronezh State University, Leningrad State University, and others).In short, the government paid great attention to the training of teachers for the education system.In those years, a special teacher shortage was not.Nearly one hundred percent of the republic's schools were staffed by teachers.Moreover, in some areas it was hard to get a job in the school, because there was no vacant teacher places.Yes, and work as a teacher was prestigious - stable salary (not less than the average wage in the country), the benefits of electricity to utilities, trade tickets, and various forms of material and moral support.
In the era of Soviet civilization teacher education by the state, paid a lot of attention.With the collapse of the Soviet Union under the pressure of the market and market relations in teaching has changed dramatically.Today in Kyrgyzstan there is no specialized pedagogical higher education.When he was teaching colleges or universities become reshaped to other prestigious specialties.Being a teacher was not prestigious.The teacher began to be regarded as an employee, to provide paid educational services.His work acquired a market value.In comparison with other professions.In subject teacher, she is extremely low.According to AJDanelyuk "Schoolmaster is often a carrier of a stable, unchangeable throughout the years and the decades of knowledge, the limited scope of a single domain.What he knows and can do, knows and can do his student.The value of subject teachers has declined significantly in recent decades, in the age of information, nauchnotehnologicheskoy revolution, the rapid and successful development of a society based on knowledge economy.Knowledge of lost self-worth and become a continuously updated means of creating more and more new technologies.These socio-economic conditions, the system of teacher education continues to prepare subject teachers, the support of classical knowledge which was transmitted to children in school in the past, and the century before last.Of course, knowledge of the law of Archimedes, the rules of the Russian language and poetry ASPushkin's children need.But if the teacher is able to only transfer enshrined in the tradition of the volume of information, firstly, his social status will not exceed the status of any other person - a carrier of the same knowledge, and secondly, his professional activity is transformed into information technology and replaced it - modern pedagogizirovannyeInformation and computer technology allow a person to easily absorb large amounts of the required information without intermediaries "[Danyluk AYThe principles of the modernization of pedagogical education // Pedagogy, number 5, 2010. - p.39].But for centuries the teacher was primarily a spiritual mentor, the carrier of culture, a man of great character.It's a shame that the status of the teacher becomes the status of employee service sphere;spiritual, educational component of communication with children is eliminated.
youth, with rare exceptions, did not want to go to school.The school work mainly teachers who were educated in the Soviet period, and the influx of young teachers in secondary schools insignificant.
In short, by historical standards, while in teacher education collapsed comparable except that with the "ninth shaft", dissolving on its way everything.What little is left of this wave is called "perestroika" barely holding on.One small class of people who remained from the previous system, is struggling to save the value that is still left.
old system of teacher education, despite some costs still to fulfill its mission and performs well.Today we have a dilapidated system of teacher education, the restoration of which will leave a lot of energy and material resources.But, nevertheless, we must move forward, not to be on the side of civilization.To move forward, we have to decide which direction to go in teacher education, particularly in the training of teachers for secondary schools.
clear is that under the influence of civilization processes the content of teacher education has changed.Those fundamental postulates that the teacher is the carrier of culture, spiritual mentor of the younger generation, a teacher, was, is and will be.Under the influence of new challenges, the question arises, what and how should be trained in modern teacher?What new species in the teaching activities, he must possess?How does the professional consciousness of the modern teacher?One thing we do know is that today is not a teacher "homeroom" in the truest sense of the word.The age of information and communication technologies in addition to teaching their subject must form opinions, social outlook, attitude to life of children.Teachers can now be regarded as a professionally trained expert in the field of pedagogy relations in society.Not to mention the qualities such as high professional training, mobility, ability to work in a team, convincingly express his thoughts.
important place in professional activity is the level of mastering the information and communication technologies.Today, information and communication technologies are an integral part of vocational education and training activities.
Research conducted by the Center of problems of professional education of the Kyrgyz Academy of Education will determine that the current state educational standards for teaching areas do not provide modern training of teachers aimed at the result of education.In connection with what the Center has prepared a draft of a new CRP on pedagogical areas based on competence.
problem of competence, competence emerged recently and is a consequence of the changed socio-economic conditions.The knowledge gained in the training quickly become obsolete and competence nadpredmetny, they are formed or acquired in the course of a variety of educational activities.Everyone has their own level of competence.It is more individual than the knowledge and skills.Competence is checked and shown well in practice.
professional competence of teachers.As we said above, nadpredmetna, and it is not a simple sum of subject knowledge."The specifics of competence as a certain type of professional readiness is that it is acquired in real situations, solving professional problems, even if it occurs within the educational process.Nature educational activities ... does not allow duplicate competence, ie,"Transfer" means students have traditionally understood education.Pedagogical competence as an existential property is a product of the self-development of the future expert in a professional environment, followed by a masters' [VV SerikovNature educational activities, and especially vocational education teacher // Education, № 5. - 2010. - with.34-
In general, the nature of pedagogical competence of a more personal than, for example, a competent engineer or doctor.The latter competence more specific, measurable.In other words, pedagogical competence is a personal experience gained in the course of training in high school.If theoretical knowledge are the same for all students, the competence, as mentioned above, the individual.Pedagogical competence can not be verified by testing the type of formalized tests of different types of oral and written examinations.Competence check. ': In the course of practice.
In traditional learning, it is important to remember to tell, explain, at competent approach a student should not only explain why it is necessary so to act, but also to perform this action.Competence can not be a product of the traditional education, ienot the sum of the knowledge and skills.This does not mean that we abandon the scientific and objective of education, it is a refusal by the study subjects as the end in itself.It should be a real simulation of pedagogical environment, the search for himself.This particular type of educational activity, which is to replace the traditional approach in the preparation of teachers.
That is why in the new CRP on the pedagogical orientation of teaching practice provides 1 course in 4 year, ieit is continuous, one day a week, and is called the "School Day".
full-time student is attached to the school.
That is why in the new CRP on the pedagogical orientation of much attention was paid to teaching practice.Student teaching is a place where the formed general professional and special competence.In teaching practice "materialize" the knowledge that were obtained in lectures and workshops.
During the development of the CRP on pedagogical areas were identified three blocks of competencies: generic, general professional and special.The first two units of competence are essentially integrated for all profiles.Block specific competencies specific to each profile.That list of competencies that are offered in the CRP are advisory in nature, higher education institutions have the right, based on internal capabilities, to complement, extend, clarify.And this process will continue until we come to an optimal model that would satisfy society.
