any highly verbal language has two forms - oral and written.Oral, which includes, first of all, speaking, evolved over the centuries and is connected with the historical development of its carriers - of a people.At some point, it becomes a kind of foundation for the formation of speech writing.Then both forms existed in parallel, as opposed to certain signs.
Determination
In linguistics assumed that the spoken language - a special kind of literary speech.Scope of application - the daily social interaction, the transmission of any information, the impact on the interlocutor, expression of emotional state.Traditionally spoken language on a variety of signs oppose the book.Its basis is the dialects and sub-dialects, Surzhikov, urban slang and jargon, as well as elements of the book speech.Like any significant linguistic formation, colloquial form of speech has a number of features and characteristics.
features and signs speaking
Features colloquially associated primarily with its sphere of use:
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When it comes to oral, that such speech is used primarily in the dialogues - conversationstwo or more people.It can also be applied in the monologues addressed to the speaker himself.
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Speaking - spontaneous speech.To communicate the speaker usually does not prepare specifically, thinks not advance his lines.They are pronounced, depending on what and how to respond to it the source or the sides.Even if the conversation is planned in advance, it is characterized by a high degree of improvisation.In this regard, the fundamental difference between an oral conversation by, for example, in writing.In the letter, either way, there is an element of pre-preparation, selection of language means more careful formulation of thoughts.
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speaking, is generally used in an informal setting, with an informal, easy communication.This is an important difference from the oral officially-business conversation, for example, a conversation with a subordinate or the chief of a scientific report presentations and lectures.
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Speaking as such require mandatory participation in the conversation.It may be some cues accompanying monologues interlocutor.
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situational also a hallmark of speech.Iedepending on the situation of communication, from the topic of conversation, information and meaning, the emotional state of the interlocutors, the level of their intellectual and spiritual development, professional sphere and areas of interest will be determined and the content side of communication, and lexical-stylistic and grammatical means of expression.
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active use of various non-verbal communication - facial expressions, gestures, laughter, intonation.Sinceone of the most important tasks of everyday speech - understanding, these tools make communication more affordable, expressive, facilitate understanding of its semantic orientation.
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for conversation characterized by the use emotive estimated vocabulary words with diminutive suffixes, or the value of an exaggeration, interjections, incomplete or truncated sentences, reducing vowels, a tautology, discontinuous syntax statements, and others.
Speech culture and speaking
While spoken language is distinguished by a stylistic ease and even some negligence, the higher the educational and intellectual level of the interviewees, the more it corresponds to the language norms.Culture of speaking directly related to the general culture of personality.
So, people from "disadvantaged" social groups distinguished by poor vocabulary, use of vernacular language and alarm nature, improper setting accents in words, errors in pronunciation or the use of words, lexical meaning of which does not correspond to the situation of communication.Grammar, phonetics and syntax errors (incorrect application of case forms, distorted sound shell words, incorrect sentence structure), the use of interjections instead of the full word peculiar speaking group.
People engaged in intellectual work, colloquially prevails or common vocabulary of abstract nature, exact, proper use of words in accordance with their lexical meaning and the situation of communication.Their speech is close to the book of imagery, lexical richness, grammatical and syntactical literacy.However, there is possible to use swear words and expressions.
The nature and content of the conversation puts its stamp professional environment speaking people.So-called "professionalism" for a significant part of human vocabulary.
