Psychology - the science of the soul.With it we can analyze human behavior, adjust the internal state, to determine the areas in which the individual can best be realized, and much more.
Multiple areas of psychology that exist today were formed for a long time and there is as necessary when experts faced with a complex problem that can not be solved with the help of available techniques, they were forced to adopt new approaches that, while effective, then becameindividual branches.
In this article, we define the main ones, as well as those that have arisen recently.
Main trends in psychology
Initially psychology is divided into two types: fundamental (theoretical base) and applied (practical).They are interrelated: practical psychology "pushes" theorists to what you need to study, and they, in turn, supply the information practices that they can apply the developed system.Therefore, these two sectors are equal and are equally important.
Fundamental knowledge of psychology grouped in the sector of general psychology.Here, the human subjects are common mental processes, regardless of what area of life they appear.
Applied industry deals with issues which are limited to native human activities or different situations, social status, age and other parameters.It aims to substantially improve a certain area, for example, family psychology, rehabilitation and others.
subject of study General Psychology:
- identity and its characteristics (general);
- feeling;
- perception;
- thinking;
- memory;
- imagination;
- will;
- temperament and character.
subject of study Applied Psychology
- educational sphere (behavior and self-awareness of students, teachers, professors, and others.);
- labor;
- health;
- management.
Here we see such areas of psychology as educational psychology, labor, engineering, psychology of management, legal, age, and medical.
teaching and psychology are interconnected.Depending on the age of the child is assisted in adapting to society and made an adjustment capabilities for the successful assimilation of knowledge.Also providing support for adults who need training: psychologist evaluates their characteristics and capacity, and, given this, gives advice on teaching methods and improve the efficiency of absorption of new knowledge.
Among the applied branches of psychology and psychological testing stands, which deals with the study of data on the psyche of children and adults.Among the most popular methods is a psychological test, which consists of either the questions or the need for the patient to draw a picture, choose a color, and so on.
Medical psychology borders on psychiatry, as the object of her study - the border of patients, where the transition from psychological problems to mental illness.This is a very demanding area of work of the psychologist, since it depends on whether there will be the human condition in the normal range, or turn into a pathology that requires medical treatment have a psychiatrist.
main directions of modern psychology
20th century was a very important step in the development of psychology as revealed to the world of men of genius who have made great contributions to psychology as a science, revealing new methods and ways of learning of the individual and work with it.Among them plenty of unusual sights in the classical understanding of the individual, which applies the same non-standard methods of psychological adjustment features.
Such areas of psychology, psychoanalysis, coaching, logotherapy, psychodrama, cognitive psychology and NLP in the world today are fairly common, and most importantly found to be effective.Each method - the key to a particular individual, and the way to resolve the situation, so it is important to determine which of these methods can have a maximum impact on the patient.
Psychoanalysis introduced by Sigmund Freud and aims to study the dynamics of the libido, which, according to the founder of the direction, and depends on the structure of the psyche and the basic behavioral characteristics of a person.Also, this section of psychology characteristic accentuated attention to the childhood of man, when laid the basic models and stereotypes, ideas about life and the world.
Then the ideas presented by Freud, Carl Jung continued, by making some adjustments.He expanded the field of psychoanalysis, adding to the individual unconscious, the collective unconscious.Here he introduces the concept of archetypes - original images, which are present in each person, but to varying degrees manifest.In order to study their own psyche Jung suggested to pay attention to the dream, which manifests itself through images personality and his true desires and emotions.
Such direction of psychology, and logotherapy as a psychodrama, is not as common as other modern industries.The psychodrama is an exchange of experience between members of the group with the participation of physical activities, which are aimed at the disclosure of the individual and its creative potential.Logotherapy offers to find the meaning of life, then the person will be able to solve all their psychological problems.However, the meaning of life should be achievable, that there was no frustration.The basic method of speech therapy - Socratic dialogue, which is effective in the neuroses, phobias and depression.
Thus, psychological techniques and trends are many, and today it is impossible to say in psychology as a unified and holistic science, but rather a set of branches and systems of psychological knowledge.
