laws, which become the substance for a long time remained a mystery for man.The classical theory of interatomic bonds was proposed rather late - in 1916.Since then, scientists' ideas have evolved.In principle, nothing new since then has not opened, and the types of chemical bonds now every schoolchild knows that even trying to learn.For this knowledge, some medieval scholars would sell the soul.
So, are the main types of chemical bonds and more called weak interactions.Sometimes they are, however, become important, for example, the formation of the protein structure.The main types of chemical bonds include covalent and ionic and even metal.
begin with covalent.It is for them Gilbert Lewis and offered his first classical theory of chemical bonding.What is the idea of this scientist, still topical?The covalent bond is formed because in a bound form in the system of atoms turns out less energy than in the atoms one by one.This is important in chemistry.Each system aims to get rid of the maximum amount of energy.In the process of forming a covalent bond, each of the combining atoms contributes to the creation of the connection.Thus, the outer electron level is filled, the particles with a negative charge of the transition "into common use."
types of chemical bonds are divided into subtypes.For example, a covalent bond is often non-polar - for example, between identical atoms of a chemical element.Thus formed molecules of gases such as nitrogen, fluorine, hydrogen.Electronic pair of "common property" is geometrically around the middle.Although it is difficult to say, because studies show that the path of the electron is almost impossible to predict.
Another thing - bonds between atoms of different chemical elements.For example, in the connection between the fluorine and hydrogen atoms common vapor space is closer to one atom, namely - to fluorine.This connection is named after the polar.
But atoms are not always "honest contribute equally to" the formation of the deposit.It also happens that one of the atoms provides just two electrons, and the second - orbit for the pair, which goes into general use.How to name the nature of this connection?Donor-acceptor kind of communication.The ammonium ion can be a good example.Three hydrogen atoms are involved in conventional polar covalent bonds, and the remaining free electron pair of nitrogen can be transferred to the joint use with another hydrogen atom.Still, this is considered a covalent bond, because areas of high electron density between the atoms are.
What other types of chemical bonds exist?The ionic bond exists between the particles having different charge.The force of attraction elements of the communication depends on the distance that separates them, and the orientation - independent.Where there are such links?First of all, in crystalline substances - alkalis, carbides, salts, nitrides, basic oxides.If the cation and anion are similar in size, the relationship becomes especially stable.Some chemists tend to think of this type of communication an extreme case of the polar covalent.But it's a moot point because the electron density is still not fully close to the negatively charged cation.
metallic bond is usually much different from other types of chemical bonds.Because it is not only a unique chemical, but also a kind of physical phenomena.The fact that in the formation of electrons participating communication atoms.Their directional movement explains the possibility of highly conductive electrical current in metals.Since every atom in the lattice site contributes to the bond.
As has become clear from the description above, the types of chemical bonds are distinguished precisely by the principle of their formation.
