The classification of organic compounds on the theory of the chemical structure of AM Butlerov.The systematic classification - the foundation of scientific nomenclature.Thanks to her, it became possible to give a name to each of the previously known and new organic matter on the basis of existing structural formula.
class of organic compounds
Organic substances are classified according to two main criteria: the location and the number of functional groups in the molecule and the structure of the carbon skeleton.
Carbon skeleton is part of a molecule that is sufficiently stable in various chemical reactions.Organic compounds are divided into groups of large, while taking into account the molecular structure of organic substances.
acyclic compounds (biosoedineniya fatty or aliphatic compounds).These organic compounds in the molecular structure include straight or branched chain carboxylic.
carbocyclic compounds - a substance with closed carboxylic chains - cycles.Given biosoedineniya divided into groups: aromatic and alicyclic.
Heterocyclic natural organic compounds - substances in the structure of molecules which have a ring formed of carbon atoms and the atoms of other elements (with oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur) hetero.Compounds
each row (group) are divided into different classes of organic compounds.Membership of the organic matter to a particular class is defined by the presence in the molecule of certain functional groups.For example, the classes of hydrocarbons (the only class of organic compounds which lack functional groups), amines, aldehydes, phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, alcohols, etc.
To determine the supplies to a number of organic compounds and emit carbon skeleton of the class or a carboxylic chain (acyclic compounds), cycle (carbocyclic compounds) or nucleus (heterocyclic compounds).Subsequently, detecting the presence in the molecule of organic matter other atomic (functional) groups, e.g., hydroxyl - OH, carboxyl - COOH, amino, imino, sulfgidridnoy group - SH, etc.The functional group or groups define biosoedineniya affiliation to a particular class, its main physical and chemical properties.It should be noted that each functional group not only defines these properties, but also affects other atoms and atomic groups, both testing and its impact.When substituted
molecules acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons or heterocyclic compounds Hydrogen atoms on different functional groups prepared organic compounds which belong to the class definition.Here are some functional groups that determine membership of the organic compound to a particular class: hydrocarbons RH, halogenated hydrocarbons - R-Hal, aldehydes - R-COH, ketones - R1-CO-R2, alcohols and phenols R-OH, carboxylic acid - R-COOHethers - R1-O-R2, galogenoangidridy carboxylic acids R-COHal, esters R-COOR, nitro compound - R-NO2, -R-sulfonic SO3H, organometallic compounds - R-Me, mercaptans R-SH.
organic compounds having in their molecular structure one functional group, called organic compounds from simple functions, and two more - compounds with mixed functions.Examples of organic compounds with simple functions may be hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, etc.Examples of compounds with mixed functions may be hydroxy, keto, etc.
occupy a special place sophisticated bio-organic compounds: proteins, proteid, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates whose molecules a large number of different functional groups.
