For centuries, people could not imagine, than it actually is water and how it is formed on the planet.Until the 19th century, people did not know that in fact the water is a chemical element.It was believed that it is - an ordinary chemical element.More recently it was discovered that water - a chemical element whose formula - H2O.
chemical properties of water depend on the physical nature of its atoms, as well as ways of combining them into a molecule and then formed groups of molecules.Since it is constantly in contact with various substances, water is a solution to a very complex composition.Moreover, it manifests itself as an excellent solvent because it can dissolve and the liquid and solids, and gases.
especially good properties of the solvent manifest themselves in the sea water, as it can dissolve almost all substances.Approximately seventy elements of the periodic system can be found in its structure.In the marine and ocean water can be detected even rare radioactive elements.The most commonly encountered substance in the composition of the water - is chlorine, sodium, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, bromine, carbon, and boron.
To date, the researchers reveal more and more complex and subtle mechanisms of the water mass.It is considered the most difficult connection of all substances known to physicists and chemists.The chemical composition of the water can not be different, but it will have a different effect on the human body, since it was formed under certain conditions.
chemical properties of water are also dependent on its molecular structure.In particular, a water molecule is composed of three atoms, which are formed in the form of an isosceles triangle.At its top is an oxygen atom, whilst in the base are two hydrogen atoms.In this connection the HOH bond angle is equal to 104,31 °.
There are also some physical and chemical properties of water, which are contrary to the principles of the periodic table.In particular, the highest performance in water are those which inherently must be much lower.This applies to the freezing point and boiling point, heat of fusion and vaporization.
freezing and boiling points of hydride from the elements oxygen subgroups as to facilitate the connection drops.If such a pattern acting on the water, it would boil at a deep negative temperature value at -70 ° C and to freeze at -90 ° C.This, in turn, would provoke the absence of water in the world, as it could not contain any liquid or solid state.The only possible option - a gaseous state.
Regarding heat of vaporization can be said that for the evaporation of water heated to 100 ° C, it is necessary to 6 times more heat than a similar mass for heating the water to 80 ° C.
Every minute a million tons of water in the hydrosphere evaporates from the heat of the sun.As a result of such exposure in the atmosphere is constantly contains a huge amount of heat, which is equivalent to what would have worked 40 thousand powerful power.
These unique physical and chemical properties of water make it possible to use it widely in industrial activity.In particular, the metallurgical industries are mostly used boiled water for cooling.This seemingly paradoxical action due to the fact that cooling occurs due to the heat of vaporization.This eliminates the need for extra cooling tower construction.
course, boiling water as a coolant can be used only on those objects where the heating temperature exceeds the 100 ° C.
unique physical and chemical properties of water make it possible to use it in agriculture, not only for watering plants.For example, when the late spring frosts occur sudden, threatening flowering trees, gardeners spend the so-called garden irrigation.The shroud of fine spray envelops a merznuschie trees.Also, water droplets cover the flowers themselves.Then she quickly turns to ice, and hides a flower, giving them their heat.
As you can see, water, and chemical properties which are not yet fully understood - this is a unique compound, which supports all life on the planet and is an integral part of human life.
