What is folklore?At first the answer seems simple.Any third-grader would say that this - the creativity, wisdom, knowledge of the people.More advanced kids even informed that the term first coined in 1846 by William Thomson, implying the existence of any spiritual culture of the people.
However, all is not so simple.For example, the UK scientists this term refers to any manifestation of the people's spirituality.They believe that the English folklore - it is not only verbal, or art song, and folk crafts, dance, beliefs.In short, everything that is rich in the history of the nation and all its traditions.In other words, folklore in England considered the experience and knowledge passed down orally through.
Russian scientists think differently.Asked what the folklore, they meet shortly: "Folklore."To refer only to the Russian verbal forms, riddles, jokes, tales, epics, stories, proverbs, sayings, epic works.However, only
of folk art is not limited.Perhaps the most mysterious genre of all nationalities are conspiracies.They do not go to school, and until recently, even talking about this form of creativity was not accepted.However, people are always eager to know what awaits them in the future, to change the destiny, attract money, bewitch favorite.To this end, they came up with hundreds of verbal forms, accompanied by special operations - rites."Chur me!"- Pronounce the adverse situations we sometimes unaware that such a conspiracy, we scare away evil spirits from him.
Speaking of what is folklore, can not ignore the other layer - wedding poetry.Actually, the word "poetry" here is not very appropriate, because the wedding ceremonies include a mass proverbs, ritual songs, jokes.All these forms are united by one thing - the desire to secure the family's future, to extend and strengthen the family, to curry favor with the higher powers."Pain, Mary Irodovna, go now, come yesterday," - this is how many generations of palaver.Some did so believing in the success of the conspiracy.Others cast spells on a habit or "just in case."
proverbs, jokes, sayings brings together all the countries Form: compressed, but embodying a huge folk wisdom, knowledge and experience accumulated for centuries.Jokes apart from these characteristics differ cheerful, sometimes sneering, sometimes witty content.However, there were other jokes.They were called "bothersome fairy tales."End of such jokes were not, and that is what amused others."Once my grandfather Yasha - linen shirt.Like my story?Do you like it, and I like it.It was so .... "These pesky fairy tales have been further developed, now they are familiar to any child as a game "Buy an elephant."
rhymes for kids often differed connected content.Their task - to calm the baby, to attract his attention to audio phrases."Ah, tune, tune, tune, crows sitting on the oak" - sing even today mommy kids, sometimes not knowing what has long been known by the people."U" sound, simulating the sound of the wind, perfectly calms children.This observation is hundreds of years passed from mouth to mouth, finding different verbal form.
Today, there are other relatively "young" genres thug, urban, student folklore.These forms arose with the development of society.They still have not been studied properly.
Arguing that such folk (the term "folklore" is redundant, this tautology), we note that the work of interpretation inherent in every nation the same characteristics.First of all, anonymity, collectivity, variation, improvisation.
folklore - it is the people's experience, wisdom and knowledge, which have found expression in certain forms and genres of oral works.
