With the English term "folklore" is translated as "folk wisdom", "traditional knowledge".For the first time it was used by the British historian William Thomson.In Europe and America, the term began to understand all kinds of folk art, including verbal and musical, as well as embroidery, woodcarving and bones.In domestic science is attributed to folklore verbal art of the people.Famous folk genre is very diverse.This major works such as the epic tales, epics and small forms: couplets, riddles, proverbs and sayings, and others. This will be discussed in the article.
nursery rhyme
main features characterizing folklore works, consider the oral form of their distribution, and the collective construction of a special art form.Therefore, refer to folklore bezavtorskie work.These features belong to them folkloric genres couplets, riddles, proverbs and sayings.Consider some of them.Ditty called short Russian song, which often takes the form of quatrain with a humorous content.The people composing the humorous songs, using all the richness and expressiveness of the Russian language.At festivities in villages ditties performed the accordion.There was this genre of folk art in the 19th century and got its development in century 20.
Proverbs and Sayings - a folklore genres, the main feature of which is a brief, concise view of meaning ease and simplicity of presentation.Some of the proverbs are descended from the works of Russian folklore - songs, stories, riddles.The proverbs and sayings reflects the life of the people, observe the natural and social phenomena.The classics of Russian literature, nurtured on folklore, enriched his own phrases from literary works.These sayings can be found at Fonvizina, Pushkin, Griboyedov, Krylov.
traditions that have developed in the Russian folk art, passed down from generation to generation for centuries.So there were folk genres in which the origins of the language of parables.For example, a puzzle.The most ancient of them reflected the lives of people who were engaged in hunting and breeding cattle.In later found signs of life of farmers.There was a belief that speech can not use the names of objects associated with important concerns about his well-being.If any ritual (such as weddings), can be subjected, according to the beliefs of people exposed to the forces of evil, in common parlance used parables, riddles, not to say the forbidden words.To create a new word or replacing the forbidden was used accord, and thus the meaning of the phrase was lost, but it was not important.Besides puzzles, which reflects the life and phenomena of nature, there are also puzzles jokes.For example, the question of what kind of stone in the river, which gives the answer - wet.
works of folklore for children.
Folklore is interesting not only as a cultural memory of the people, but also an opportunity to explore the folk pedagogy.It is known that small folklore genres: lullabies, nursery rhymes, rhymes, tongue twisters, primarily intended for children.Thus, lullabies sung when rocked in the cradle of the baby.They were chosen because the words and the scale that created the image of peace and quiet.Eat diminutive word "lyulenki", "gulenki" mentioned purring cat.Remembering folklore for children, you can not go past the tongue twisters.After all, they teach children to listen carefully to the sounds and to treat difficult to say of them.Believe It - short verses with humorous content, make children laugh and think, comparing the lines of poetry, and they know aspects of life.
Modernity dictates a new pace of life, a new way of life, and communication between parents and children has also changed.Few parents will be able to recall at least one example of folk art, to sing to the child.And, however, an interest in folklore society maintained.
