Since ancient times, it was the custom in Russia to solve problems and settle the case the whole community, "catholic", despite the fact that the convening of the first Zemsky Sobor was held only in the middle of the sixteenth century, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible country.The existence of such institutions is typical of many countries in Europe, the last stage in the development of estate-representative monarchy.The first Zemsky Sobor emerged in England, Catalonia and Portugal.In Spain, similar consultative institutions were called the Cortes, in Poland - the Diet, in Germany - Landtage.
So Zemsky Sobor - is the supreme institution of caste-representative government, endowed zakonosoveschatelnogo functions.He has called for the resolution of political and administrative affairs.In other words, it is convening representatives of different classes to address any matter of national importance.The appearance of such an institution is the result of the end of the unification of Russian lands into a single state, strengthening the aristocratic local authorities.According to the composition of its constituent parties Russian Zemsky Sobor was close to western Europe of representation, but differs from them by the presence of only a consultative function.European Zemsky Sobor had the right of lawmaking.In Russia, the decision of the institution came into force only after their approval by the king and the Boyar Duma.
convening of the first Zemsky Sobor in Russia was timed to the beginning of the reforms of Ivan IV.It consists of the higher clergy, the boyars, princes of the unit, rich citizens, members of the nobility from different provinces of the country.Zemsky Sobor conventionally consisted of two chambers.One of them consisted of the boyars, the treasurers, the butler, the other - the nobility, knights children commanders.Each convening Zemsky Sobor lasted, as a rule, no more than two days.Three times it appeared the king, followed by his opinion on the issue being addressed could make the boyars, in conclusion to hold meetings of the Boyar Duma.All meetings were strictly for reasons, decisions are made in a unanimous manner.
great importance for the political and cultural life of the country had to convene the first Zemsky Sobor in February 1549, proclaimed the transition of the Russian state to the estate-representative monarchy.Since that time, the role of the nobility in the governance of the country.During the convocation established a new set of laws and a decision on the establishment Pleas hut.From now on, every people can apply with a petition (petition) to the King, and almost immediately get a response.Similarly petition hut regulate the activities of other government agencies.
first Zemsky Sobor convened in Russia, called "Cathedral of reconciliation", parallel with a meeting of the church council, considered the life of sixteen Orthodox saints and set the church celebration of the holidays named after them.
convening of the first Zemsky Sobor, and all following him, carried a special diploma, stating the reasons for convening and the number of elected representatives.Often people themselves to decide how many people should sit on the Zemsky Sobor.Representatives were chosen in elections held in different cities of the country in the form of meetings.In these elections can participate persons who are serving, as well as pay taxes to the state treasury.Elected representatives have not received a salary for their participation in the convening of a Zemsky Sobor.Moreover, they had to support themselves with everything necessary, going to such a meeting.
All convocations Zemsky Sobor held, as a rule, in a solemn ceremony in the Kremlin.In their honor was arranged service at the Assumption Cathedral.A total of over two centuries of existence of this institution was a meeting of 57 Zemsky Sobor.
