What serfdom?This feudal rights to person, property and labor of the people working on the lord.In other words, it is dependent on the owners, who own land.Serfdom existed a few hundred years.
establishment of serfdom in Russia played a role in the history of the Russian state.It arose as a result of collision of the feudal landlords and their subordinates in the 14-15 centuries.The peasants were legally attached to the land and therefore to carry out reforms of their economic coercion.
origins of this phenomenon are deeper.
In the 9th century in Russia formed a feudal state.People are divided into two classes - the peasant class, also known as dependents, and the feudal class.Serfs were subjected to coercion and violence, they were powerless and defenseless.It was called the feudal dependence.People from the lower class had almost nothing but his own life, because not only belonged to the feudal servitude of human labor, but also his personality, and his property.
At the time, Russian state was not uniform and consisted of many small principalities, each of which were set its own laws and regulations.They are strictly controlled by the local authorities.Serfs were simple lyudii who lived on the earth, and it was treated at the same time were completely dependent on the owners of the land - lords.There was no specific legislation on the life and responsibilities of the common people.
In the 16th century there was already some relief from the administering power of principalities, people began to live more freely.So much so that they have a right to leave their land and move to live and work in any other feudal landowner.The condition for this transition was the payment of debts and fees that they lived in the land of the former owner.
later intensified public relations and the class struggle.It was necessary to tighten laws to give conclusive feudal rights to own salaried people.It was a turning point and go on the offensive to eligible serfs.From that moment they had no right to change their feudal masters at will and at any time.One exception was the only time in the year (a week before St. George's Day).It was at this time, within a specified days, they had to settle with the landowners before leaving them.
In the mid 15th century, the serfs have known one another a heavy share.They were accused of a serious crime - escape if they wanted to move from one lord to another.The state thus entrenching the existing social order.
At the end of 1570's matured a new problem - a shortage of workers.By the time officially had already been repealed St. George's Day.The government, being on the side of the ruling circles, has decided to help landowners and organized special events to ensure landlords greater labor hands.This has happened a tough and cruel establishment of serfdom in Russia.The government finally abolished the right to free crossings.
in 1601-1603.in Russia there was a famine, a thriving lawlessness "masters of life", has increased powerlessness of the poor segments of society.It starts the first peasant war.The city could no longer tolerate the abuse of them.The tension in society is growing.
Shumsky government decided to tighten sanctions for shoots and extended the time to search for the fugitives to fifteen years.Serfdom was inherited.Fugitive people according to the law no one had the right to take to him.Since then, the serfs - a dependent people, who, in addition to the right to work, the other had no rights.
next stage in the history was the beginning of the Peasant War (1670-1671), led by Stepan Razin.However, this war was lost, and Stepan Razin executed.
During the reign of Peter I serfs were completely enslaved.Catherine II, the current regime has tightened even more.However, serfdom began to lose its position because of the disturbance forced people who could no longer tolerate the intolerable life.Alexander II proclaimed the liberation of the peasants from the existing dependence.He reformed and signed the manifesto, which repealed the serfdom.
