Every living organism is composed of cells: from bacteria to higher mammals.Higher organisms consist of bodies, the bodies are composed of tissues, tissue made up of cells.All properties of any organism are determined by its genome, that is in the cell (in any of the cells of the body).
According to some data, the genome of ordinary flies and humans are the same three quarters.There is nothing surprising in this.Basis of genes - deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA - carries all the information about the construction of proteins and biochemistry of the body, while the share of "appearance", the size and weight of the specimen of the species, appears to have been allotted so much.In short, Darwin was absolutely right, and evolution at a certain stage, the hub connects and fly and man.And this religion does not contradict because it asserts only the establishment of the life of God, but does not regulate the technology itself.
Gene and Cellular Engineering (this one concept) deals with communication between the DNA and hereditary properties of organisms.Of course, it is armed with such methods, which are used to, for example, in times of Mendel, and did not dare to dream.
cell engineering method is at the present stage that experts get DNA fragments from different organisms, and they are inserted into the DNA of the organism, is chosen as the object of investigation.This method of language researchers who like technical terms, is called the expression of recombinant DNA.As the tool undertake restriction - specific bacterial enzymes capable of cleaving DNA.They are called figuratively - biological knives.
received the gene (transgene), collected from said fragments, inserted it into the DNA molecule called a vector, and transfer it into the cell where it replicates (multiplies) alone or after combining with the "mother" chromosome.Here there are big problems with the equipment, because the material is necessary to enter into a microscopic cell force, but without violating its integrity.To do this, there are many highly sophisticated techniques, as natural ways to make this impossible.Of course, there is no mystery, just no such evolution has provided, in contrast, put a bunch of obstacles in natural selection.
goal that carries a cell engineering: obtaining drugs excretion of high-quality varieties of crops, new breeds of animals, and as a high point - getting rid of our civilization for all diseases.Those who argue (do not want to call them obscurantists) should keep in mind that only one synthetic insulin has saved and will save millions of diabetics and prolongs their lives for decades!
Concerns about genetic engineering originate from its birth in 1972, when a group of P. Berg (USA) synthesized the first recombinant DNA from oncogenic virus SV40 monkey and E.coli.Last - is E. coli, without which man can not live.And it built a virus that causes cancer.Scientists are literally frightened and did not even continue to work at that time.There was a long period of research setting under the strict control of the state, comparable to the control over the nuclear weapons.
Fortunately, the complexity and cost of biological gene works is comparable in complexity and cost of atomic research, and therefore can not afford to potential terrorists.
In fact, cell engineering is - a double edged sword - it can give a person so much life, how much he wants to, but can also wreak terrible misfortune for all living things.Do not argue, the contrary is proved, and the "issue price" is known.It all depends on whose hands clean or dirty is cell engineering.And for obvious reasons it can not be any ban or push forward.The development of science is subject to their domestic laws.
