Economists, scientists and thinkers devoted study of the nature of human needs much attention, believing that these requirements are based on social relations.
Economic needs - are internal incentives for production of essential public goods and services.Requirements encouraged to use available to helpful resources as efficiently as possible.Economic needs also show the relation of people to the conditions of their work.They show and the relationships that arise between people in the process of distribution and production of necessary economic benefits.
classification of economic needs:
On subjects:
- Personal (individual), collective, public (food, housing, clothing, social needs in a rational leader, a positive psychological climate, good conditions of employment,Recognition in the team. The economic needs of society - is economic growth, a favorable economic climate in the country, the absence of inflation, deficit, unemployment;
- needs of businesses, households, of which are economic entities (need for quality goods, works and servicesat low prices, improving product competitiveness, reduce costs, maximize profits, increase government revenues, etc.)
On objects:
- Physiological - due to the fact that man is a biological being, whichnecessary to maintain their livelihoods;
- Social - the need for information, communication, education and public recognition;
- Material - is the need for services and benefits that are tangible form;
- Spiritual - the need for creativity, self-improvement, the development of talent;
- Priority - those that can be satisfied with the essentials;
- Secondary - those that are satisfied by luxury;
most clearly the economic needs of society and their hierarchy in the life of each person depicted in a pyramid of Maslow.Economic needs are arranged as follows (from top to bottom from less important to the basic):
- Respect Self-realization, recognition by society
- Social (love, friendship, etc.)
- safety and sense of security
- Physiological
This classification today yavlyaetsya the most versatile, as it comes in bolsheystepeni biological needs of the species, and not influenced by culture and other characteristics that distinguish humans.
Economic needs: classification of degrees of the possibility of their implementation:
Absolute - emerge and are identified with the current level of development of science and technology (for example, demand for mobile phones have been impossible a few decades ago because of lack of technical possibilities);
Actual - can be implemented with the current level of science and industry;
Solvent - those people are able to meet with his income.It is these needs are most interested producers.
But that's not all.A lot of social needs and add up historically, they are very dependent on cultural and religious backgrounds, as well as the climate, geography, gender, age and other characteristics.Thus, the needs of people living in different countries, for example, residents of Sweden and Australia or ispoveduschih different religions can radically differ from each other.
important feature needs - they can never be fully satisfied, while opportunities for them to meet the limited resources available.After all, man is so constituted that his desire is generally exceed the capacity of the production of goods, they quench.On this basis there was even formed the law of increasing requirements, which says that they are increasing faster than the production of goods.Even in the nineteenth century it was marked by a pattern Engel, which states that an increase in welfare decreases the costs of basic goods.In other words, only a very small part of the income is spent on food, while the main expenditure accounted for luxuries.
