The main balance sheet assets include assets used in the manufacture of any product in the provision of household or industrial services, specialized work.It also includes the assets used to provide short-term lease for a fee.
Fixed assets are divided into two large groups.The first group - the assets from the account 01, and the second group of assets - are assets from the account of 03. Each of these groups has its own function.Fixed assets used in production are recorded in the accounting records on the account 01. Assets used to provide a short-term or long-term leases are recorded in the accounts in the account 03. All property of an economic entity is allocated in accordance with their useful life and is divided into the following depreciationGroup assets.
term of productive use for any item of fixed assets (fixed or intangible assets) is calculated based on the period over which these facilities will be used in the economic and industrial activity of the enterprise or organization.This period is calculated and approved by the enterprise independently in accordance with approved accounting provisions, including strictly regulated depreciation of fixed assets, approved by the Russian government.
classification of fixed assets by depreciation groups consists of ten major sections, each of which includes the assets included in the general list of Russian classifier of fixed assets.It - industrial buildings and structures;machine work and strength training equipment, computer equipment and vehicles, production tools and working cattle breeding, planting and capital investment, the use of natural objects and land.
The first group included the organization of property (machinery and equipment) for a period of practical use in production, one - two years.
The second group is the enterprise property - machinery and equipment used in the production of the organization's statutory period of two to three years.This includes sports (household and industrial) equipment and perennial plants (strawberries).
The third group includes the machines, and industrial machinery, equipment, construction and transmission mechanisms (devices), transport, used in a period of three to five years.
In the fourth group the terms of use of the property is five to seven years.These include buildings, transmission equipment and facilities, equipment and production machines.And also vehicles (passenger cars and trucks, tractors, buses and trailers), perennials (black chokeberry, orange and lemon), inventory (multi-purpose packaging).
The fifth group usage period is seven - ten years, in the sixth group - 10 to 15 years.
The seventh group includes funds for a period of use from 15 to 20 years.In the eighth group of the useful life of use is from 20 to 25 years of age, in the ninth group - from 25 to 30 years.
tenth group consists of property, plant and assets to be exploited for a period of more than three decades.We note here that the classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups, contains the same ten groups of fixed assets (funds) and strictly regulated by the government of the Russian Federation.
In order to correct the tax fixed assets in accounting valuations have three: the original, or reducing residual.
The initial value of fixed assets includes all costs related to purchase, production, delivery, and adjusting to working condition.
recoverable amount includes the original cost and the revaluation.
Residual value is derived from the replacement cost minus depreciation.
Depreciation of fixed assets and depreciation rates vary, which depends from the object used.To normal depreciation (amortization) may be applied correction (increase or reduction) ratios.
To calculate the depreciation of the Russian Tax Code the economic enterprises have the right to use a linear or non-linear method.
When linear method definitions for all groups of fixed assets Depreciation is calculated on a regulatory factor as its initial (replacement) value and useful life of the action.
In nonlinear method for determining the depreciation of fixed assets have following wear factors.Group number 1 - factor of 14,3, № 2 - 8.8.And then number 3 - 5,6, № 4 - 3,8, № 5 - 2,7, № 6 - 1,8, № 7 - 1,3, № 8 - 1, № 9 - 0.8 and number10 - 0.7.
