Earth contains liquid, solid and gaseous components.Topsoil is composed of decomposed by microorganisms living and plant residues.It is called humus and takes 10-20 centimeters.That it grow flowers, trees, vegetables.
Underneath is infertile soil 10-50 centimeters.Nutrients therefrom washed acid and water, so it is called the horizon leaching (leaching).It released its own elements by the chemical, biological, and physical processes that occur clay minerals.
Deeper is the parent rock.It also has useful elements.For example, calcium, silicon, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others.
Let's look in more detail humus, as it plays in our lives is very important.
Humus: education, the concept of
Soil formed by weathering of rocks and consists of organic and inorganic components.In addition, it contains air and water.This is only a scheme, and in fact each layer separately developed in accordance with certain conditions.Our land just seems homogeneous, it is inhabited by worms, insects, bacteria.
Topsoil - is its cover.In the woods he presented organic residues and leaves have flown, in open areas - herbaceous vegetation.Cover protects the ground from drying out, hail, cold.Beneath it are decomposed remains of insects, animals.In the process of decomposition of the soil is enriched with mineral elements naturally.
Humus is inhabited by living organisms, permeated by roots of trees and plants, the air is saturated.Its structure is loose, in the form of lumps.Here the formation and accumulation of nutrients by the root systems.
Everyone knows that the topsoil, or rather, humus, is important for fertility.The black substance includes carbon and nitrogen.This kind of kitchen where food is prepared for planting (active humus).Also in this layer creates a balance of nutrients, water and air modes (stable humus).
What affects the fertile soil
on topsoil affect processing technology, type, climate, crop rotation.In the garden by adding organic additives and rotted compost can greatly improve the stability of humus.
important for gardening soil type.It depends on the mineral composition.Vegetable plants grow well in neutral or slightly acidic lands.
There are indicators of fertility:
- Total acidity.
- Current acidity.
- Cation exchange.
- need for liming.
- base saturation.
- size distribution.
- organic content.
- Content macronutrients.
effect on fertility and the indicator "density of the soil."High values lead to a deterioration in air mode, hindered the mobilization of nutrients, lack of root growth.Low density retards the growth of the root system of voids and leads to increased evaporation of moisture.
Currently, there are fertilizers and supplements, as well as a variety of treatments to improve the quality of the fertile layer.But the ground is necessary to rest.Remember this!
