Today, entrepreneurship is one of the most profitable activities.Not always and not for everyone, it was a success, but, nevertheless, survived the most difficult times and still continues to exist.What were the main stages of development of business?
Entrepreneurs ancient
This activity began to develop along with the commodity-money relations.And in ancient times and the Middle Ages the term "business" is more commonly associated with the trade.In ancient times, people have gained fame merchant first Phoenicians founded on the shores of the Mediterranean are many colonies.Has emerged as a trade settlement, the colonies eventually become independent states and subjugated large areas.A clear example can be Carthage, which became a powerful Mediterranean power.Over time, history of entrepreneurship and supplemented by other examples of active trading.The ancient Greeks, have become no less talented navigators than the Phoenicians traded with various countries of the East and with its colonies scattered along the coast of the Mediterranean and Black Seas.From the Black Sea colonies in Greece, there were wax, leather, honey, grain and cattle.Out of Africa carried ivory.Egypt supplied linens, carpets Carthage supplied.Themselves Greeks were famous for wine and olive oil.
Some historians believe that the economic structure of ancient civilization can be called a capitalist.After all, there have been private property and commodity-money relations, with import and export.But the prevalence of forced, slave labor once capitalism does not fit.
from merchants and craftsmen - entrepreneurs
history of entrepreneurship encompasses the Middle Ages.Here, the main type of business activity were also trading operations.Old Russian merchants were active in trade with Byzantium, getting out luxuries and Greek wine, which liked to use the Kievan princes.And traded with the East and the Greek colonies in the Crimea.For entrepreneurs in Russia, as in the ancient states, can be attributed, and artisans.After all, they, as well as merchants, worked on himself to produce goods involved in their marketing, invest in raw materials and equipment.
In medieval Europe, merchants and artisans begin to create their own unions, who were called in trade guilds and craft - shops.Without these organizations, history of entrepreneurship would be incomplete.Trade unions, such as the Hansa in medieval Germany, eventually became a powerful organization, a kind of state within a state.Workshops, monitors the quality and prices for the products, and later became the basis for the emergence of the first capitalist enterprises - factories, where yesterday's masters have become masters and apprentices - wage workers.However, it was not always: the guild organization often only hampers the development of entrepreneurship.After the shop were not interested in any price fluctuations for products or the introduction of new inventions that improve productivity.
Enterprise dominates
finally beyond trade business came at the end of the Middle Ages.In fact, from that moment begins the history of our business in the conventional sense.At the end of the XIV century there are the first manufactory - enterprise, where all stages of production used by the manual labor of employees.In many European countries, business is actively involved nobility, which begins to engage in commodity production, breeding sheep or growing crops.XVI century can be considered the appearance of the first joint-stock companies, such, for example, as a Moscow-based company, established in England for trade with Russia.At the end of XVII century on the basis of joint-stock banks are first.
At the end of the XVIII century in the development of entrepreneurial activity is entering a new phase.There are the first factory, where the use of cars increases productivity and reduces production costs.Actively developing joint-stock form of organization and business that contributes to the development of large enterprises.In the nineteenth century capitalist relations finally become dominant in the world economy.
business history is not over.This activity continues to evolve and now.Despite the fact that conduct their own business, especially in the post-Soviet space, tough, business is still not lost its appeal for many people.
