military reform, the reorganization of the army and the transformation of the military establishment, spread out over several years.The urgent need for them arose after the failure in the Crimean War.Most conversions were carried out under the guidance of DA Milutin.In an effort to reduce cash costs, he reduced service life of up to fifteen years.Moreover, having served seven years, each soldier could go on vacation, so that in peacetime the army is significantly reduced.The Working Capital schools began to systematically train soldiers to read, were eliminated beatings, physical punishment.
In 1864 it was reformed local military control.Since then the territory of the State was divided into several military districts.This led to the fact that management has become closer to his troops, and, therefore, they could more quickly mobilize necessary.The army has become much more stable.Since 1865, the troops began to manage the General Staff - the central body.Cadet Corps, which was prepared before the officers transformed into military gymnasium;open military schools to train future officers.Created cadet schools enable young people without noble origin, with time to get into the officer corps.The new system of military education has demanded from the General Staff Academy and the establishment of a new training program.
now become longer take on combat training.Infantry and cavalry equipped with rifles Berdan, housing was abolished, and the troops were divided into local and field.For the first time it received new artillery guns, threaded, which is charged with breech.The whole complex of these measures has led to the need for a military service.
Military reform in 1874 was the approval of Alexander II Charter of conscription.According to the new decree, all men aged 21 and 40 years inclusive, were obliged to perform military service.In the army for six years and nine years in the reserve, and the Navy - seven years and three years in the reserve.Then, all enlisted for military service in the state militia (ibid including those that were exempt from conscription).The present term of active service in the army depended on the level of education, which is not the privilege of all classes.Military reform in 1874 served as a significant increase in literacy among men, as a full term served only illiterate, that the army taught reading, writing and mathematics.For those who have primary education office decreased to four years, served as the former gymnasium and a half years, and those with higher education - only six months.
On the one hand the military reform in 1874, more than any other reform of Alexander II, on the whole society, of all classes.And on the other - it most expresses the principle of social inequality.The fact that the class of recruits and of its material well-being are directly dependent on all sorts of exceptions and exemptions.Some peoples of the Far North, Central Asia, the Far East, the Caucasus, were exempted from service on national and religious grounds.
Military reform in 1874 was not approved by the generals, led by Field Marshal Baryatinsky AI He and his supporters accused Milutin that the army is bogged down in bureaucracy and the command structure is very weak.However, participation in the Russian-Turkish war showed that the Army is efficient and excellent officers and soldiers learned.
Military reform in 1874 was not able to change the nature of housing estates officers, and did not pursue this goal, but the army did today.Among the shortcomings can be noted and changes the point that little attention was paid to the quartermaster part that still haunt Russia during the war with the Turks.
