Greenhouse - a structure having light transmitting walls and roof, and intended for the cultivation of various plants in the spring and autumn, when the weather conditions do not allow you to shoot several harvests per year.
Currently, there are very different kinds of greenhouses.By their form, they are large and small, square, rectangular, or one gable and t. D. The frames can be made as a tent arches house or have another shape.Types of greenhouses differ in size: there are standard and nonstandard.They are made of polycarbonate, wood, metal.Select heifer should be taking into account what it faces for the purpose for which it is generally necessary.Price also plays an important role.
How to choose a greenhouse to testify?
Ideally, facilities should have the following characteristics:
- be sufficiently high quality;
- reliable;
- durable;
- adapted to different weather conditions.
In addition, it must be practical and easy to use, and inexpensive.
When selecting the greenhouse each person pursues a variety of goals.For some, it is enough to have a pretty appearance and look good on the background of the house or plot.For other people who are considering a greenhouse as an aid in the household or a way of doing business, need more serious response.The appearance of them plays the most important role.
Collapsible or stationary?
Before purchasing greenhouses should decide so, what kind of model is needed: a fixed or folding.With fixed fuss much less - once installed and forgotten.Collapsible still have to install and disassemble twice a year.However, if the greenhouse will be the country where you are only in the summer, and the holiday village is quite often the case of theft, it is advisable to purchase a collapsible model.
What will be grown
Before making the final choice, it is necessary to decide exactly what you'll be grown in a greenhouse tomatoes, cucumbers, herbs, seedlings, and so on. D. The decision is yours, but be aware that differentGreenhouse cultivation culture different regime and requirements to humidity and light.In addition, some plants do not tolerate any neighborhood and can hurt each other.
Once you decide so, what kind of plants will be grown, you can choose a suitable building height.
What are Greenhouses?
Today, the modern market offers a variety of types of Greenhouses, different in shape, performance, size and cost.For their production using modern high-quality and reliable covering materials.
Types greenhouses
Depending on the coating such structures are divided into the following types:
- polycarbonate.
- Film.
- Glass.
All types of greenhouses are good, but their functions are carried out with varying degrees of effectiveness.Each method has its advantages and disadvantages.
Film greenhouses
film - one of the most widely used covering materials.
- main advantage of such structures - cheapness.
- Another plus - the possibility of self-construction.Film types greenhouses with their own hands going very easy.To do this you need only plastic film, rack, screwdriver and furniture stapler.
- This construction perfectly transmits ultraviolet rays, which are so necessary for the normal development of plants,
- No need for the construction of a basement.
Unfortunately, the film greenhouses have many disadvantages.First of all, it is short-lived.The film is fairly easy to tear and rarely survive the winter.The next season, the greenhouse must be swift again.And the frame, made of boards or slats, rarely can withstand more than 2 seasons.Moisture and heat are the ideal conditions for the development of fungus wood.
reinforced plastic film through a special reinforced mesh stronger.It can withstand not only a strong wind, and even hail.
glass greenhouse
Glass - durable and durable material for covering greenhouses.Its distinctive features - high ability to transmit light and excellent thermal insulation.
However, glass greenhouses there is a drawback: the air inside can become very hot, which is very bad may affect the health of the plants.They are also a minus - the complexity of the glazing.The large mass of glass requires a reliable and, therefore expensive frame.The glass should have a thickness not less than 4 mm.The larger the frame, the better the coverage of the greenhouse.But this increases the cost of heating.Yes and replace the broken glass is much too expensive.
the downside glass greenhouses can be attributed also to the fragility of the material that has the ability to break down not only from the physical effects but also due to temperature differences (large temperature difference inside and outside the greenhouse at a strong frost).
Polycarbonate construction
This relatively new material has been actively captured market attention greenhouses and gardeners.In polycarbonate construction, there are a number of distinct advantages over the film and glass types.The material has advantages:
- High durability (almost 200 times stronger than glass), heat resistance and flame resistance.
- extreme lightness (weight polycarbonate sheets is 16 times less than that of glass, and 3 times less than that of acrylic similar thickness).
- high thermal insulation and low thermal conductivity.
- high translucency (transparency of the material is up to 86%).Furthermore, the material disperses the light, so that it misses almost all the beds.
- good noise and sound insulation.
- high chemical resistance.
- Excellent resistance to various atmospheric influences.
- durable polycarbonate.Products from it are guaranteed lifespan of 10-12 years.
- Polycarbonate does not break, does not crack.
- has special protection from UV radiation.Thanks to the hard protective layer of UV rays through the polycarbonate does not pass.
- Easy installation.Easy and flexible sheets allows you to create original and elegant design of various types.
- looks attractive and modern.
All types of polycarbonate greenhouses have some disadvantages:
- If the paper is not positioned correctly (protection from UV rays inside), while their service life is significantly reduced (from 10 years to 2-3).
- Almost all types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate (photos available in the article) is required for the construction of its normal activity of the foundation.
- have a hollow structure of the material, often fall into the water and dirt.This contributes to poor light transmittance and a fairly rapid loss of heat, which is undesirable.In addition, the port and appearance.
Types of greenhouses and their construction
under polycarbonate manufactured and build cages, which differ both in form and in the materials used.The most common types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate - arch and tent (house).All others are variations of these two.
arch structures
Arched kinds Greenhouses - one of the most popular designs in the market.They are used for early and year-round cultivation of various vegetable crops and flowers.
frame consists of a semi-circular arches, which are often mounted on a vertical basis.As a rule, prefabricated greenhouses.
Types of greenhouses (pictured above) arch structure has the following advantages:
- They are resistant to environmental influences.Due to the streamlined shape which does not linger on the snow.
- Their installation is fairly simple, allowing you to build these types of greenhouses with their own hands.
- presence of a small number of connections.A typical design with a width of 3 meters, is covered with one sheet is fixed to the frame only at the ends.
- consumption polycarbonate greenhouses small.
- good penetration of sunlight.
- Low cost.
- can be installed without foundation.
Disadvantages:
- Minor functionality.
extreme low altitude beds. - arched greenhouses are good for low crops such as peppers or eggplants.
Tent structures
Tent types of greenhouses and their designs often choose to self-built, but there are also options for the factory.Advantages:
- Ability to create individual designs.
- dimensions can be the most non-standard by any culture.
- very practical and functional.
Their main disadvantages:
- framework necessary to use the most durable material.
- cost compared to other types of higher.
- polycarbonate consumption is large enough.
Types skeletons
greenhouse frame can be made of the following materials:
- tree.
- PVC.
- Metal.
Currently wooden frame is used less and less.Wood impregnation require special structures against rot, fungi and various other destructive, negative phenomena.Bury wooden rack is also impossible without first sheathing of waterproofing materials.Otherwise, the design falls apart quickly.All these details make the installation process quite laborious and impractical.
frame for greenhouses PVC in our country is rarely used.Its advantages:
- material does not rust or rot.
- not amenable to the adverse effects of various chemicals, fertilizers, and so on. D.
- very practical.
- material does not require special treatment, such as coating, impregnation.
- Appearance quite aesthetic.
Metal frames are among the most durable construction.They do not rust, does not rot, do not emit harmful toxins, they do not need to paint.
The biggest drawback - the high cost of aluminum.In addition, a very high probability that the greenhouse can be dismantled and carried off to the reception point of the metal.
industrial greenhouses
only significant difference between industrial greenhouses from those used in home gardens and cottages is their size.They can take quite an impressive area that exceeds 1000 square meters.m, and their height can be up to 6 m.
Types of industrial greenhouses:
- season.The period of active operation is limited season (March-November).They are used to grow crops, which are consumers of agricultural products in high demand.
- year-round, allowing to obtain a high yield even in the winter.All kinds of winter greenhouses are expensive, but the high profitability of the economy with interest makes it possible to recoup the costs as soon as possible.
efficient industrial greenhouses depends on the following factors:
- the possibility of creating and maintaining a suitable temperature and humidity;
- quality of materials used for the construction of buildings;
- availability of irrigation, lighting, heating and other systems.
