his days on the slope of Newton admitted as happened all actually.He was walking through the apple orchard of his parents and suddenly saw the moon in the daytime sky.And then his eyes off an apple from a branch and falls to the ground.At this time, Newton worked on the law of motion, he already knew that the fall of an apple is closely related to the influence of gravity.I knew that the moon orbits, instead of hanging in the air that it affects some force holding it in this orbit, does not give off the path and go into outer space.It was at the time of the fall of the apple came to Isaac: and falling apples, and remain in orbit the moon leads one force.Newton's law of gravity was close to opening.
's look at history.Galileo and other predecessors of Newton studied the movement of bodies (uniformly accelerated), falling to the ground.It is suggested that this is a purely natural phenomenon and exists only on the surface of the globe.Kepler also with like-minded states that in other areas of the celestial laws, not those that govern the movement of the world.All arguments boil down to the fact that celestial bodies, by virtue of its perfectness move in orbits, again, because of its perfection.In other words, gravity separated into two categories: terrestrial (imperfect) and celestial (perfect).
A Newton's insight to combine both types of gravitation in his mind.We can say that this was a historic moment, uniting the false division (of the Earth) and artificial (the universe).
result of Newton's calculations now reads as follows: the law of gravity.Definition of it reads as follows: between a pair of bodies in the universe there is a force of mutual attraction.Law clothed in the form of the equation:
F = GMm / D2,
M and m - is the mass of a body and a second, D - the distance between the bodies, F - the force of gravitational attraction.G here - a constant determined experimentally and, if you express it in SI units is equal to 6,67 × 10-11.
But the law of gravity requires several comments.First, its effect extends to all material physical bodies are in the universe.For example, books, read you, as you are also subject to the force of mutual gravitational attraction, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.Strength is too small even for sensitive equipment, but it does exist and it can even be calculated.Another example - the mutual attraction between you and infinitely distant quasars, which removed billions of light years.These attractive forces are smaller than in the previous example, but they still exist.
Secondly, the force of gravity at the Earth's surface affects the whole body as a wound and anywhere.At that moment you act, the same power that can be calculated using the formula above, physically you feel it as their own weight.Drop something.And this thing will rush to the ground with uniform acceleration.Galileo was the first able to experimentally measure the approximate value of the acceleration of falling near the earth's surface.Remember bukovku g from the equation?But for Galileo, it was experimentally measured constant and Newton this value (the acceleration of free fall), you can find out if a substitute in the Earth's mass (M) and its radius (D).Subject measure Galileo becomes mathematical calculations and predictions of Newton.
Third, the law of universal gravitation shows and explains the structure of our system (solar), Kepler's laws, which reveal the trajectory of the planet can be derived from it.For these laws of Kepler were only descriptive character - a scientist generalized observations in mathematical form.In the great world order, according to Newton derived Kepler's laws are a direct consequence of the laws of mechanics and the law of universal gravitation.Once again we are witnessing the transformation of the empirical findings obtained at the level of one in a clear logic-based conclusions and move to another level.
true Newton was spoken in his declining years?Not if he was cunning, talking about his discovery?No documents proving or disproving that the problem of gravitation, Newton was engaged in at the time and he did not.And the document is known, and tend to get lost.And notoriously declared: Newton was unpleasant and scary meticulous person that somehow concerned the fixing of priorities in the science behind it.So darken truth, feeling the slightest threat, it was in his nature.
and remains: why, having published his law of universal gravitation in the 1687th, he dated his discovery in 1666, the year?What separates these 20 years?
