International Military Tribunal was established under the London Agreement (1945, August 8), concluded between the USSR, France, Britain, the United States.Formed the tribunal was to prosecute and punish those responsible for war crimes committed during the Second World War of 1939-1945.
initiative for an international trial, first expressed the Soviet government.But the world support the Soviet state was not right.In particular, the British government has expressed dissatisfaction with the proposal.
Note that won the victory of the Soviet troops in the battle of Kursk, on the Volga, break the siege of Leningrad, as well as the expulsion of the invaders from the vast territory of the Soviet state and the beginning of active operations of the allied forces in Italy and North Africa, have radically changed the course of military action.At that moment the outcome of the war was already clear.In addition, the military alliance of the USSR, Britain, America and other countries was strengthened.All this gives support to the initiative of the Russian international.As a result, the proposal to hold an international trial was confirmed in the Moscow Declaration.
idea of the punishment of war criminals first of all anti-Hitler coalition supported Franklin Roosevelt (US President) at the beginning of November 1942.By the spring of 1943, the Soviet Union supported the initiative of the government of England.However, Churchill (British Prime Minister) when discussing the Moscow Declaration offers simply shoot all war criminals are not being investigated.
Nuremberg trials began its work in 1945, 20 November.Before the Court almost all the ruling elite in Germany.Among them there were industrialists, leading Nazi politicians, ideologues, diplomats and military commanders.All of them was charged crimes committed by Hitler's system during the Nazi regime.
It should be noted that the materials of the Nuremberg trials were made public yet USSR v1943 year, in the spring.To all nations of the world have brought the facts and documents about Nazi atrocities against peaceful Soviet citizens deported to Germany.
The list of the accused to an international court was Fritsch, Neurath, Speer, von Papen, Bormann, Iodul, Sauckel, Schirach, Raeder, Halbach, Schacht, Funk, Streicher, Frick, Doenitz, Frank, Rosenberg, Ribbentrop, Ley, Hess, Goeringand others.
Nuremberg Trials was built on a combination of procedural rules and orders of all the States represented on it.Decisions are taken by majority vote.
Nuremberg trials ended with the announcement of the verdict at the end of September 1946.The decision was taken in accordance with the principles of international law, taking into account the arguments of the parties.The sentence reflects the pattern of criminal activity in all of the Nazi regime that existed whiter than twelve years.
International Tribunal sentenced Bormann (in absentia), Seyss-Inquart, Jodl, Sauckel, Streicher, Frick, Frank, Rosenberg Kaltebrunnera, Keitel, Ribbentrop and Goering to death by hanging.
life sentence received Raeder, Funk and Hess.
By ten years in prison Doenitz was sentenced to fifteen - Neurath, to twenty - Speer and Schirach.
justified were three (Schacht and Papen and Fritsche).Suicide (hanged) Lei shortly before the process industrialist Krupa recognized terminally ill and stopped the further proceedings of the case.
Nuremberg trials considered severe international crime of aggression.At trial, government officials appeared as criminals.All of them were guilty of preparation, initiation, conduct of aggressive warfare.The court punished the organizers and perpetrators inhuman plan directed against the entire civilian population.
