Alexander I was the eldest son of Paul 1. The future emperor was born in 1777, on 12 December.Alexander was brought up mainly Ekaterina 2, his grandmother.The physical development of boys tried to keep close to nature.Education of the future emperor received from Swiss La Harpe, a Republican tactful.
Alexander the Great.Biography
Ekaterina 2 supposed to pass the throne to his grandson directly, bypassing Paul 1. However, not having had time to arrange her will, she died.On the throne, Paul 1, made the son of the military governor of St. Petersburg, inspector of infantry and cavalry, and then chairman of the military department of the Senate.At the same time my father all the time Alexander suspected in the plot even want to put it into a fortress.It is worth noting that the son is really involved in organizing a conspiracy against his father.As a result, one of them, Paul 1 died.
Alexander first came to the throne at the age of twenty-four years.He was in love with symmetry and order was established, he had a sound mind.However, as noted by contemporaries, he was afraid of public affairs, seemed to him unbearable.At the same time Alexander I was very doubtful and suspicious.The Emperor always suffered from an inferiority complex.Trying to get rid of him, Alexander I wanted to establish something like an autocrat, then as a military leader.
According to contemporaries, the emperor was not an ardent supporter of change.However, at the beginning of the reign of Alexander I spent quite radical reform.
The first ruler canceled all transformation of his father, Paul 1: freed the clergy and the nobility of corporal punishment, and returned the city to the nobility "charters", returned about twelve thousand repression of the links, all flee the state announced an amnesty.
after 1803 (since the promulgation of the law "On the free cultivators") the peasants were given the right to buy the freedom of the contract with the landlord.However, to use it less than half a percent of the serfs.
From 1803 to 1804, Alexander first made changes to the system of public education.In 1804 he was accepted "censorship statute."A special part in the reform took MM Speransky.His efforts to a greater extent a new order management in the state, with minor changes lasted until 1917.
From 1805 to 1807 years, Alexander participated in the anti-Napoleonic coalition.As a result of the defeat of Austerlitz, the Emperor was forced to sign the Peace of Tilsit.However, the subsequent military successes have strengthened the international position of Russia.
After the first unsuccessful battle at the beginning of the war of 1812, Alexander, convinced of its military failure, virtually removed in privacy.Since then, he almost does not leave anywhere, all the time in Kamennoostrovsky Petersburg palace.
radically change the position of all the despised Alexander 1 after the disaster in Napoleon's army, which lost from the cold and hunger in Russia, almost all of its membership.As a result, in 1814, on March 31 are identical Russian emperor entered Paris.From that point, Alexander 1 was the most powerful man in all of Europe.The emperor himself all the forces trying to strengthen its position.
However, Alexander 1 more tried to lean on the people "very close."Among them was Arakcheev, hard, rough, cruel soldiers.Emperor seeks to create a special military class, which is very annoying Russian landlords, hurting their national pride and class.In these circumstances, brewing a plot against Alexander 1.
His assassination in 1825 it was carefully planned.Make his conspirators had planned in 1826, in the summer, during the maneuvers.However, in 1825 the emperor died suddenly in Taganrog from the disease.
