British Constitution has a very bright distinguishing feature.It lies in the fact that there is no document which would constitute the fundamental law of the United Kingdom.Democratically English society has long been living without a constitution, and all thanks to the fact that in 1215 the country adopted the Magna Carta.If we compare the level at which development of social relations in these years were the other countries, there will be democracy in England (because of Charter) causes a lot of respect.
Since its inception, the Magna Carta for all times remained a symbolic and substantive part of the unwritten but well executed by the British constitution.The word "Charter" is literally translated from Greek as "the handwritten document."Most often it is used in a figurative sense, namely, the words "rights" and "privileges".
How so happened that it was in England, was born this wonderful document that changed the lives of people for hundreds of years and provided a decent life of its inhabitants?
Magna Carta was read and signed on 15 June 1215 in the valley of the River Thames, close to the town of Runnymede.At that time, ruled by King John of England, and he was famous for unfair control.In the country because of its connivance he reigned arbitrariness and bribery.Magna Carta was created as a necessary measure to combat lawlessness existed that every year more and more grew in the country.
situation was so difficult that, for example, the king of the court could not take the land from the vassal or introduce levies on your own, which are above.He introduced excessive fees and taxes under any pretext, with the sole purpose - the enrichment of the treasury.Cases were careless, and won the one who had more money.In fact, it is given an official a bribe government officials.The judicial system was paralyzed.In addition, King John of England unleashed a wasteful war with France, thereby ruining the country.
Against him came in the face of the opposition of the barons and the church, which was on the side of disturbances and show them compassion.The participation of the latter was not unfounded, because the king is so unreasonable led his rule, even with the Pope spoiled relations.
the Magna Carta in 1215 was precisely the document that was to return the country in order.It was written in Latin, and it was presented 63 historical articles.This document was another name - "baronial article."King John was forced to agree to the terms of the rebellious barons, and the Magna Carta in 1215 was born.It provided the most important - is to limit the power of the king through the creation of a special council of 25 barons.According to this document after the application of the four board members were allowed to "besiege the king in every way" (Article 61 Charter).
Important changes have taken place after that, and in the relationship between the king and the church, as well as between the barons and free people.King provides for freedom of the church, and gave it special privileges and guaranteed integrity.He also promised that taxes and fees will be collected by the general council of the kingdom.
Article 13th liberties guaranteed London and other cities, and the article at number 36 gave a significant boost to the successful development of trade and crafts.Magna Carta in 1215 contributed to the consolidation and stabilization of the United Kingdom.No less important was the article 41 and 42. They have provided freedom of entry and exit of foreign and local merchants.In addition, Magna cemented right feudal lords to own property.
The most significant was the Article 39, as it is in it were called the guarantee of property and personal security of every citizen.It was stated that a free person may be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of property only for the legal decision.Article 45 obliged to vote for the positions of qualified judges, as well as decent officials.Magna ensured that will provide freedom from arbitrary judicial extortion (Article 40).The result of its creation was the beginning of the abolition of feudal dependence, and its provisions were the basis for the further development of a great democratic country.
