term "ecology" comes from the Greek word «oikos», which means "the seat", "asylum", "home".Each variety of people in the world has its habitat, the so-called home.In particular, the house became a man the whole planet Earth, including its surrounding space.
first laws of ecology were presented the great ancient physician Hippocrates more than two thousand years ago.He was able to describe not only the direct impact of climate, terrain, water and the seasons on the health of the inhabitants of various localities, but also made a comparative anthropological description of the peoples living on the African, Asian and European shores of the Mediterranean.His works contain ample evidence of influence of lifestyle and environmental factors on the formation of spiritual and physical qualities.
Later, in the 17th century, a new science - medical geography.She studied the impact of social and environmental conditions prevailing in different territories, on public health of the land.The founder of this science was the Italian physician B. Rammatsini.
definite contribution to environmental laws introduced the famous Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky.According to his definition of the Biosphere is a shell of the Earth, where life develops a wide variety of organisms.Contrary to the existing at the time the opinion that the problem of the body - is a constant adaptation to the circumstances, Vernadsky proved that living matter it is able to modify the surface of the planet, forming a perfect ecosystem favorable for its development.Each process within the biosphere is interconnected.And humanity is only a small part of the biosphere, and immediately the man himself - is a form of organic life.
also this great scholar has priority theory of the noosphere.This concept is a qualitatively new phase - the sphere of reason, or "thinking envelope".This is the highest stage of development of the biosphere, it is directly related to the birth and development of civilization there.The noosphere is the period when a reasonable human activity becomes a dominant factor in the development of the planet.
Any set of inorganic components and organisms, which tend to carry out the cycling of matter, called the ecosystem.This term was proposed by Arthur Tansley in 1935.The laws of social ecology, or, more simply, human ecology, determine the nature of the relationship with the environment.At the core of such relationships laid morphological and physiological reactions of the human organism to the influence of the environment in the process of ontogenesis.
There are various ecological bases, which affect a wide variety of spheres of life organisms.But the main ones are those that are directly related to human life and health.In particular, we can distinguish the basic laws of ecology of human health:
- Weak effects often do not cause any response from the natural system, but it does not mean that as a result of accumulation, they will not be able to cause violent and unpredictable dynamic processes.
- type organism exists because the natural environment is fully meets all the genetic ability to adapt to the type represented by its changes and fluctuations.
- ecological niche (location) of any kind represented in nature, have to be filled.For example, the AIDS pandemic has been predicted by scientists to detect the first symptoms of the disease and pathogens.The reason such a prediction was that victory over the majority of human infections has resigned from the ecological niche.
- Biosphere answer.The laws of ecology are such that in the course of natural systems, nobody has the right to cross the permissible limits, allowing these systems to fully preserve the unique property of self-regulation, self-organization and self-maintenance.Otherwise, the response reaction force of nature superior force of human influence.
Science "Ecology" - a huge set of laws and rules that must be adhered to if humanity is to achieve harmony and unity with nature.But, unfortunately, often neglected in favor of their own desires and needs, and many of the basic laws of ecology are simply ignored, causing almost irreparable consequences and great destruction.
