Over the past 100 years in the field of psychology, a large number of schools and trends, studies and tries to explain the existential needs of the individual.An important instrument of social and psychological analysis of human behavior in society, a comprehensive comparison of the parameter relations of the subject to the world and people.Eric Fromm argued that the behavior of a healthy person in the society due to the realization that because of its natural features, he sought to establish ties in the community, to overcome itself, rooted in life, to identify themselves, to build its own system of moral values.
1. existential needs in linking
Throughout his life, a person consciously or unconsciously seeks to unite with others.According to Eric Fromm, there are only 3 ways to meet this need.You can obey the rules and requirements of any group or another individual, you can rule over someone, you can be connected with people or individual person through love.This Frome terms of his humanistic theory persuaded social thought to the fact that satisfy the unreasonable power or submission through their existential needs.It's only love is the surest way to preserve the integrity of nature, inner strength and self-confidence.
Social bunch of people on the model of power - subjection flawed because it can not fully meet this need.Due to the rough side of occurrence of a relationship between the ruling and the subordinate partially lose their "I".
2. existential needs to overcome itself
complex concept is the desire to create.
productive way is through the creative process and its manifestations in art, science, religion.Man by nature is trying to show how he, as a primate, is different from the animal world.Therefore, people create social institutions, material values, moral standards, in varying degrees, positioning love as the driving force of their species.
irrational way to meet the needs is the manifestation of malicious aggression.Killing and turning the other as a sacrifice, someone sees its importance in demonstrating the dominant force, subconsciously raising internal conflicts.
3. existential human needs
rootedness in order to feel full-fledged representative of its kind, it is important to be aware of their human roots.Therefore, as strong bond mother and child.While agreeing with Freud, Fromm acknowledged the presence in the child's psyche incestuous desires, but argued that their cause is not sexual desire and the subconscious desire to return to the womb with a view to take root, to achieve a full sense of security.
productive way of rooting is a natural departure from the mother's breast, in active cooperation with the world in the development of adaptation abilities and achieving the integrity of the individual in the perceived reality.
unproductive method is to fix his mind on a limited range of the mother, without the desire of independence.People walking through this self-doubt, overcrowded inner fears, are extremely dependent.
4. Existential needs in self-identity
The inherent nature of man independent formation of the concept of their own "I", the result of which is the realization that "I am responsible for myself."It is easier to identify with different institutions: the state, nation, religion, profession, social group, place of residence.In a simplified model of identification lies the threat of global conformism, the herd instinct, dependent belonging to the crowd, where individuality is only a word, loses the objective nature of their lexical meaning.
other extreme is hidden in a situation where a person is deprived of the opportunity to identify with someone or something.You can lose his mind.People who do not have psychological problems, are able to identify themselves out of the crowd, while they meet the criteria of reality.
5. existential needs in values
man without moral compass, moves through life like a blind kitten.It creates a system of values, as the backbone of their behavior, the rules based on which live productive lives, or destructive in terms of Fromm.History knows a lot of individuals who have paid with their lives for the preservation of its values.
