Genetics as a science originated in the early twentieth century, and in 50 years has experienced intense growth.Human Genetics - is the section in the science that studies the structure of human populations, especially heredity and hereditary diseases.This science studies the man at the molecular, cellular, biogeochemical, organism, population and biochorological levels.
Human Genetics is closely related to medicine and anthropology.Medical genetics has been studying the patterns of transmission of hereditary diseases from generation to generation, the role of heredity in a variety of human pathologies, ie, hereditary pathology (defects, disease, deformity, and so on.) As well as the development of methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of pathologies,including hereditary predisposition to the disease.Its mission - to quickly identify sick children and make recommendations for the purpose of their treatment, and that is very important to detect carriers of these diseases (one of the parents).Anthropogenetics studying the variability and heredity of normal signs of the human body.
Despite the fact that human genetics is relatively new trend in science studies in recent years are beginning to lift the veil a little mysteries of the human gene pool.Genetics and Human Health interrelated and science are already known several thousand diseases, actually genetic, 100% depending on the genotype of the individual.The most terrible of them are considered galactosemia, acid fibrosis of the pancreas (cystic fibrosis), phenylketonuria, hypercholesterolemia, homogentisuria, Down's syndrome, Turner, Klinefelter, as well as different forms of cretinism and hemoglobinopathies.In addition, there are diseases that are dependent on the environment and on the genotype, and diabetes, rheumatoid and some cancers, coronary heart disease, gastrointestinal ulcer diseases, schizophrenia and some other mental illness.Then doctors is particularly important to understand how to apply decrypted data in the treatment, and most importantly - in the prevention of many inherited diseases.
Genetics gender of the person - is the part of genetics, which studies the role of the mechanism of inheritance, as well as genetic variation in the sex determination.Advances in this field have made possible the prevention and early treatment of hereditary diseases.
Modern medicine and medical genetics has always oriented to the prevention of hereditary diseases.Prenatal (prenatal) diagnosis - a diagnostic study of the fetus during pregnancy to identify their genetic defects.In order to assess fetal development, use different methods of prenatal diagnosis: ultrasound screening, biochemical blood tests, hemostasiogram, cardiotocography, and others.
leading place among the methods to further diagnose the disease before the birth of the child, takes an amniocentesis.The method consists in obtaining amniotic fluid and fetal cells using a puncture (under ultrasound guidance) membranes.It allows to diagnose certain diseases and chromosomal diseases, based on - the gene mutation.This diagnosis is absolutely recommended for all pregnant women.
Progress in science and technology of modern humans exposed to secondhand lshim risk of adverse variation than it does during the previous period of formation and development of human civilization.Chemical, physical and, quite possibly, biological mutagens may in the future carry a very serious threat to the genetic structure of populations.
Human Genetics clear that absolutely all races, from a biological point of view, are equal and have equal opportunities for their development defined by the socio-historical conditions, not genetic.
