Computers have become a necessity.They are everywhere: in homes, factories, offices and cars ... we sometimes do not even think how the history of development of computer technology is multifaceted and rich in historical dates.Today distinguish four generations of computers.
first generation was a bulky (huge by today's standards) machine.Except for the work of a German engineer Zuse (namely, he created the first computer in 1941, but the works have been lost), the ancestor of today's computers is a "Mark-1" (1943).This machine required a huge hall and consisted of 800 km of cables, more than 3,300 thousand. Relays and consumes hundreds of kilowatts for computing power.They use these computers for military calculations.
But it is worth noting that the history of computer technology Generation I did not begin with "Mark I».Its start date recorded in 1946.Then, the computer will become based on electronic vacuum tubes.It is this structure had ENIAC.In size it was almost like the first "Mark", but excels (more than a thousand times).The car turned out to be an interesting, powerful, innovative, but impractical.To carry out a calculation required for several hours in order to carry out a specific connection cable.The device is idle, and the development of computer technology continued and a new concept - "electronic components" that could operate a computer.I generation computer database consisted of capacitors, resistors and electronic vacuum tubes.
history of computer equipment domestic production begins in 1951, thanks to SALebedev.It all started with SECM, which after improvements became BESM-2.A little later in the Soviet Union was created the most powerful computer in Europe with the name of the M-20, which is quite often went out of their system and required a considerable staff for maintenance engineers.
second generation of computers began with the invention and use of the first transistor.Since then, the history of the development of computer technology began to gain a completely different speed.The base became a computer based on semiconductor elements.The transistor was at forty times the performance of the vacuum tube, smaller and cheaper.It became possible to use printed circuit boards.In 1965, the Digital Equipment introduced a compact (!) Computer, the size of which was slightly less capacious fridge.It was called a miracle PDP-8, and cost 20 thousand. Dollars.
While portable PDP-8 is surprising everyone with his performance at the same time originates the development of third-generation computers (end of 1960 - 70 years).This is due to the development and testing of the first integrated circuit (John Kilbri 1958).On the silicon wafer located transistors and their connections.Productivity - from hundreds of thousands to millions of operations per second.
In 1968 publication of the first integrated circuit computer - IBM-360.In 1970, Intel is launching integrated circuit memory.Every year performance parts increased at least twice, while the circuit area is either unchanged or becomes smaller.It was the start of the development of the fourth generation of computers.
In 1970, the company Intel (Marsciano Edward Hoff) constructs the first analogue of the CPU of a large computer.In 1970 he goes on sale under the name Intel-4004.When the size of 3 cm he was a productive three computers "Mark II».The development of microprocessors went fairly quickly, which allowed to create a practical computing machines that were used for typing, computing and simplify accounting.Thanks to people like S. Jobs and Wozniak V. (founders of the «Apple Computer») the history of development of computer technology began to approach these devices to simple users.Now ordinary people can themselves observe how fast productivity grows, new programs, and more.By the end of the 70-iesthe spread of personal computers received an incredibly high turnover.Thanks to active actions and deft manipulation of the commercial interests of large corporations, a young American, Bill Gates has successfully recaptures for Microsoft's right to develop software.Successful transactions and timely patenting software, including Windows, Microsoft's done a considerable period a recognized world leader in IT technology, eliminating the main rival -: Apple.
fourth generation growing to this day.The history of development of computer technology continues.Modern computers are distinguished only by the fact that the information is used for a treat multiple processors.
