1 Peter carried out his reforms without thinking and systematizing them in advance.All changes have occurred in the intervals between the different military concerns, hiking.It was no exception and the period when there was the Great Northern War.
military action against Sweden demanded an enormous exertion of the entire state.That is why the entire Northern War when Peter 1, accompanied by activities inside the country.All internal changes have been designed to meet military needs.
Northern War demanded competently trained officers and soldiers.Therefore it was carried military reform.Military schools were established, published "Article military" and "Working Capital ranks" (new regulations), organized by the navy.
Northern War and demanded cash.1 Peter introduces a poll tax, new taxes.We touched upon the reforms, and industrial applications.Northern War demanded uniforms, provisions, weapons.All the reforms have improved the supply of the army, to begin construction of fortresses.
In 1700, on August 22 the Russian army went on a trip to the Swedish fortress.By the fall of Narva was besieged.However, the siege was not entirely successful.Stock gunpowder and nuclei were only fourteen days.Shelves in most headed by foreign officers take their responsibilities very casually.In 1700, in November the Swedes suddenly attacked Russian positions, paying an army to flight.At the same time two regiments (Semyonov and Transfiguration), maintaining the order of battle, fought off the attackers, covering the flight of the whole army.
Swedish king decided that the Russian defeated, and sent his forces against Poland.While 12 Karl made his Polish campaign, Peter 1 actively engaged in recreating and reforming the army.Develop new sets of soldiers in the newly formed regiments, training of Russian officers.During the year, it was cast more than 300 guns.Partly molding was carried out with the church bells taken belfries.
Activities Peter soon gave results.The Russian army in 1702 captured the fall Noteburg (ancient nut), the spring has been invaded by another Swedish fortress Nienschanz, near which laid the Peter and Paul Fortress.Tartu (Dorpat), Narva fell in 1704.
At that time, Carl 12 after the defeat of Saxony and Poland, Polish forces ruler 2 August to abandon his throne and alliance with Russia.Thus, 1 Peter was left without allies.
rested after the conquest of Saxony, the Swedish army at the end of 1707 went to Russia.Swedes in December took Grodno, Mogilev.It began an urgent strengthening of Moscow on the orders of Peter.Before you capture the city, Charles was going to connect with him released from Riga housing Lewenhaupt.The case went to the inventory of weapons and food.However, in 1708, in September the Russian army defeated the Swedish reinforcements, capturing food and weapons.As a result of this battle near the village of Forest Charles came to only about 7 thousand half-naked and half-starved soldiers of 16000th Corps.
After this setback, the Swedish king laid great hopes on Ukraine.Mazepa betrayed the Russian government, in 1708 he joined the Swedes.However, with Mazepa brought only 2000 soldiers - Ukraine has remained true to Russia, moreover, the Ukrainian peasants against the Swedish troops launched a popular movement.
of Poltava there was a decisive battle.In 1709, June 27 Swedes suffered absolute defeat.Defeated troops fled to the Dnieper River, to the south, where their remains were captured body Menshikov.Mazepa, the Swedish king, a few hundred Cossacks and the Swedes fled to Turkey.
After the 1709 military power of Sweden was broken.Northern War contributed to the fact that Russia has become the most powerful country in Northern Europe.
In 1721, August 30 between Sweden and Russia was awarded the world.Under the contract, the Swedish side was returned to Finland, Russian Karelia is received, Estland, Livonia, Ingiri.The Senate gave Peter the imperial title, the title of "Great" and "Father of the Fatherland" in commemoration of the victory.Since then, Russia was called the Empire.
