an accident charge of water on the counter in Russia over the past 5 years, several times changed its formula?The last option of the Government of Russia Decree number 354 of 06.05.2011, in the most close to the optimum search options how to pay for water on the counter.However, you can be sure that this is not the end point in the search for solutions, because problematical in this sphere is obvious.
Option tariff policy from the professional
As the director of the Association of water supply and sanitation Elena Dovlatov, the essence is not to come up with a formula.It can be endlessly "improve" mechanism accrual inhabitants of the country costs the system generated imperfection networks.It is much more expedient first to invest in the real money supply, and then - to start to improve.
In her opinion, it is not enough, as the main resource investment, the existing tariffs for water (in Moscow, a cubic meter of cold water is 28 rubles 40 kopecks, hot - 125 rubles. 59 kopecks.) Funds can be obtained after increasingthe price of water for households and businesses to Europe-wide.What kind of rise in prices in question?Around two - two and a half: the price range for cold water in Europe: from 1.5 to 2 euros per cubic meter (from 61.5 to 82 rubles).
However, even here there are doubts: is the executive director has in mind the whole of Russia?After all, there is a great country, let us say, in the Stavropol region of the water above the price in half.
«Water" controversy
Before you pay for water at the meter individual across the country, says Elena, you should really undertake the renovation, "stripping" of the problem of social policy, forcing current users "pay for the past."If you take up the case of system, she said, for the construction of treatment facilities will take 3 years, a reasonable time and takes the pipe rehabilitation.However, there are other opinions.Sergei final, chief editor of the publication "Water and sanitation", opposes it, recalling that Mosvodokanal profit in 2010 amounted to no less, and 4 billion rubles.Since this publicly coverage of this information in due time caused a wave of criticism, since the profitability of economic activity Mosvodokanalom silenced.
Associate Professor MSTU.Hovhannes Bauman, in turn, expresses sarcasm, considering "water business" profitable, and the key to how to pay for water on the counter, sees to water utilities in the personnel policy did not focus on managers, and professionals and have shiftedwith financial flows on water.However, the controversy without practical consequences in the long run does not bear interest for the society.
pay for water from the point of view of the consumer
If you do not have meters, you pay for water, guided by the norm of its consumption per person.For Moscow, it is 6,381 cubic meter of cold water and 4,366 cubic meter - hot.If the user installs water meters, then "suddenly" it turns out that its consumption is two times less.
How to pay for water on the counter?In most cases we are talking about a meter drum.It cubic meters of waste water are shown on an accrual basis in the first four - five slots, painted black.Red slits show respectively a decimal fraction.The procedure for the transfer of such indications in cubic meters stipulated in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 34 of Resolution 354 is declared time readings from 23 th to 25 th day of the month.Transfer readings of individual water meters (ISP) may be on the 26 th day inclusive.If the user services are not transmitted readings, according to claim 59 it will be credited monthly average readings.
If the flat water is supplied in several risers water respectively installed therein several meters and indicators are added.
result of the summation consumer reports or accounts of the management company or the billing center.
Next - on the basis of the data submitted by the user - accounting management company made accrual of debt the client.It is carried out in accordance with Resolution 354 and the formulas displayed in to send him to the home address of the receipt, and in fact - accounts payable.
Prices for the use of water supply
prices in Russia have a strong tendency to increase.According to the appropriate federal agency, since July 2014, based on the projected inflation rate of 6%, water rates will increase by 4.2% (the figure obtained by applying relevant to these calculations factor 0.7).In addition, since the summer of 2014 in Russia will be launched pilot projects on social prices for water supply, water supply and sanitation related.The essence of this change lies in delineating a low cost characteristics necessary minimum water consumption.
Furthermore, on the other hand, water rates for the population are relatively vodokanals compensation their costs.Structurally, these costs are 50% of the salary "conductors" 20% "pulls" the payment for electricity and supplies 30% - the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the networks.It is obvious that an increase in specific gravity of the latter component is referring to Elena Dovlatova when offers double the water rates.
How to organize the payment of water
Russian consumers received a receipt from the account to pay the management company may, for example, noted that he gave information about the use of 15 cubic meters of water, and he credited the payment for 19.This situation is natural.The fact that the user is imputed as system overhead.These regulations complemented payment of water, and in fact costs the consumer added due to the following components:
- technological water leaks in the network;
- it overruns in apartments without meters;
- unauthorized connections (watering lawns, washing their cars);
- intrahouse leaks in the system;
- means costs unaccounted introduced by temporary tenants.
In this case obschedomovoy figure on the total cost of water meter (GTC) will capture a much larger flow than the sum of the IMPs for all residents (assuming that the meters are installed in all apartments of the house).They are fixed in the regulatory Regulation of the Government of the Russian Federation, so - legalized under the common name "obschedomovye needs."Accordingly, the methodology used to calculate the payment of water, can be significantly complicated by various nuances.This happens when there are no preconditions for the implementation of a unified accounting technology from citizens: Residents of the home will set the counters of the - no, but also among the first group there are families where the meter is broken.
real share of the "loss" of water
Unfortunately, when assessing the effectiveness of the water supply should not rely on public information.Declarative reports unproductive losses of water in the country is fixed share of the losses to the total volume of water 18-19%.However, according to experts, they are much more.The general director of the Moscow company "Ecotech" Lev Skvortsov asserts that he personally using German machinery to establish the real share of losses in the water supply of Moscow - about 50%.One journalist then artistic beaten payment of water: "Moscow tears itching, but she believes management companies."Does not that echoes the "pearl" that man's best friend with us - the building manager?
Achilles heel in charging for water
traditionally slack algorithm for determining consumer payment mechanism for the distribution of water is considered obschedomovyh needs.The imperfection of his plan, as well as problems in implementation, were always present.For example, the previous Russian Federation Government Resolution № 307 from 23. 05. 2006 it was less than perfect actions.This is shown by the following examples.
direction "imbalance" in the payment of the costs of water in the direction of "owners meters / do not use them" dependent on the ratio determined by the ratio of actual evidence to the common parts of regulatory accrued expenses.
problem of balancing the interests of
Let's begin our discussion.Initial conditions: rate of water on the counter is equal to the tariff for the handing over of standards.If the actual costs prevailed and accordingly the ratio exceeds one, the flow holders IMPs multiplied by a factor greater than unity.Thus, they are actually under the circumstances to pay the costs of tenants who have not installed meters.
If this ratio is less than unity, then to determine the amount to be paid to holders of IMP their testimony even more will reduce by multiplying by a number less than 1, so obschedomovye need to pay the tenants do not have meters.
Thus, according to this simple reasoning, in the light of Resolution 307, is largely provided deformed payment of water on the counter.Receipt sent by the consumer, always indicative of the uneven distribution between tenants overspending non-technological water.
new look at obschedomovye needs?
obvious is the presence in the current formula wastage of water.However, according to experts, the new algorithm overcame the "roughness" of redistribution between the owners of counters and conscientious objectors from them in an original way.It is an entirely new mobilized water tariffs for the population by means of correlation with the size of the apartment common house needs.Who roomier "hearth" that gets a large share of non-operating expenses of water.However, the nature of this relationship "area / consumption" looks quite mysterious.But ... there are statutory norm.
formula for determining the needs of the common house of HVS i-th apartment
Russian Federation Government Resolution № 354 from 06. 05. 2011 is powered by a new formula (1), which is determined by the payment of cold water on the counter in the part of the user obschedomovyh imputed costs.
Viodn.1 = (Vd - Σ Vunezh - Σ Vvzhil.n - Σ Vwzhil.p - Σ Vig.v. - Vcr) * Si / So (1)
uvwi, where:
- V d - the amount used during the period of cold water, some with the help of the collective income statement.In case of breakage of the counter provided "p. 59" Provisions, utility charges are made on the basis of the average monthly consumption;
- V u Junk - cold-water volume used in the u-th residential apartment correlative with p. 43 of the Regulations;
- V v zhil.n. - cold-water volume used in the v-th residential apartment is not equipped with the IPU;
- V w zhil.p. - cold-water volume used in the w-th residential apartment, equipped with ICS.In case of breakage of the counter provided "p. 59" Provisions, utility charges are made on the basis of the average monthly consumption;
- V i onwards- DHW volume of i-residential or non-residential premises through self-heating (if there is no centralized hot water) used in the calculation period, determined in accordance with paragraphs.42 and 43 of the Regulations;
- V cr - amount converted by heating in the cold-water independent consumer organizations individual heating respectively p. 54 of the Regulations;
- Si - area of i-th apartment;
- So - the total area of the apartments building.
But similarly regulated and payment of hot water on the counter, as, indeed, and in its absence.We are talking about the principle of adjusting the relative area of the apartment, as mentioned above.
formula for determining the needs of the common house for DHW i-th apartment
The same Decree (№ 354 from 06.05.2011) also imputed to the use of the updated formula for current tenants of apartment buildings in the calculation of the proportion of specific costs obschedomovyh DHW (Formula 2).
Viodn.2 = (Vd - Σ Vunezh - Σ Vvzhil.n - Σ Vwzhil.p - Vcr) * Si / So (2)
Its content is completely analogous to the previous formula for the redistribution of unproductive costs of cold water: the tariff for hot watercounter, as well as in its absence, complemented obschedomovyh redistribution on the basis of the specific needs of the living area of the apartment.
Nuances water charges tenants
There are situations when conscientious taxpayers, the residents of apartment buildings forced to pay excess funds.Often the cause of such circumstances is the availability of another apartment - Uncertain IMP - unrecorded residents.There are even situations when among people living in the apartment, the number of unregistered exceeds the number recorded.How to be in this situation?Overspending properly displayed common parts and then displayed in the receipts that are sent by the management company to other tenants.You will not find clues to solve this issue in Resolution 354.
In this situation, you will pay extra for as long as the activity is not manifest.The situation is resolved by drawing up a management company of the Act of living.It is helpful to bring to the verification of the district police, on the basis of its powers granted to it under the Administrative Code of Russia - draw up protocols for living without registration.
Conclusion
Analyzing Russian innovations of recent years in improving the population pay for the cold-water and hot water, striking the dynamics of this process.Government "accumulating" one by one formula fairer privnosyaschy incremental costs to tenants.However, this process can not by definition be crowned with absolute success.For an optimization of the consequences, instead of locating and correcting the cause.
Clearly, it's all about the factors that give rise to a phenomenon common house needs.Recall that these include the water leakage in the network;it overruns in apartments where not established IPU;unauthorized connections;intrahouse leakage;costs incurred unaccounted for tenants.
obvious that still have the prospect of a more systematic view of the problem, in particular, the proposed executive director of the Association of Water Supply Elena Dovlatova - by increasing tariffs to conduct the renovation.However, all water professionals need to work on a strategic plan, avoiding the destructive and hopeless position "savings income" by saving on CAPEX.Also, the destructive policy of silencing their profitability water utilities, for example, that today shows Waterworks.
