Crimean War of 1853-1856 initially developed as a Russian-Turkish.The subject of the struggle is the domination of the territory of the Middle East.
Crimean War, the causes of which is associated with the growth of the national liberation movement in the Ottoman Empire and the apparent decline of the power of the sultan's approval instead of autocracy, greatly undermined the internal and external credibility of the tsarist.
Nicholas 1 tried to intervene in the affairs of Turkey in order to prevent the outbreak of bloody revolutionary.In 1850, the government of Napoleon Abdulmajid (sultan) required to convey the Catholic clergy in Palestine, "the keys of the Holy Sepulcher."In this regard, being in Jerusalem, Orthodox priests appealed to Nicholas 1 for help.Russian Tsar sent Menshikov (Extraordinary its ambassador) to Constantinople in 1853.
Prince Menshikov enough ultimatum presented demands to the Turkish side.He demanded from the Turkish sultan to accept the patronage of Nicholas 1 on the Orthodox subjects in Turkey.Requirements Menshikov were rejected by the Sultan, who was supported by France and the United Kingdom.
Russian tsar, recalled its ambassador from Turkey, orders his troops to invade the Danubian principalities.In 1853 Russian troops on June 21, without encountering obstacles in its way, invaded the principality, nominally belonged to the Sultan.
growing conflict and contributed to the fact that none of the European powers did not suit Russia gain by the Turkish territories.Incorrect assessment of the Russian Tsar in the world situation has led to the diplomatic isolation of Russia.This determined the outcome of the forthcoming military action.
Military operations began in 1853, October 23, at the mouth of the Danube.Late in the evening on November 28 five thousand Turkish troops were attacked between Batumi and Poti on the post of St. Nicholas.This marked the beginning of military operations in the Caucasus.Here, the situation was complicated by the Russian troops.Wage war prevented the resistance of the highlanders.
November 18 was the battle of Sinop.The victory of the Russian fleet, commanded by Nakhimov, was brilliant.Russian sailors, without losing a single ship, the Turkish squadron was sent to the bottom.He was captured the commander Osman Pasha.
Crimean War continued entry into military action in France and the UK.In 1853, December 23, the French and the English squadron passed the Bosphorus, entered the Black Sea.The Russian government, in turn, responded by declaring war France and Britain in 1854, on 9 February.
Throughout 1854, the year the French and British navies have taken a few blows in different directions at different ports of Russia.
Crimean War was quite fierce.Russian troops commanded by Menshikov, who saw the landing of the enemy impossible in Crimea.At the turn of the river Alma, he was defeated in an attempt to stop the French and the English.He leaves to Sevastopol, and then to Bakhchisarai.
Crimean war continued siege of Sevastopol.The first bombing was made in 1854, 5 October.However, the city responded with fire from the guns.The siege of Sevastopol began to tighten.From Russian reinforcements arrived.Menshikov decided to strike in the rear of the enemy, but was defeated on October 24 in the Battle of Inkerman.
In 1854, December 28, in Vienna, the conference was held after Russia, Austria, France, Great Britain.The issues of the world.However, no agreements have been signed in connection with the death of Nicholas 1. Alexander 2 decided not to accept the conditions put forward.
At the beginning of 1855 the Crimean War continues with her came into Sardinia.Gorchakov, trying to ease the pressure on Sevastopol, the enemy attacked from the Black River.However, the defeated that ultimately determined the fall of the city.
August 7 was busy Malakoff.
In 1855, in December, hostilities ceased on all fronts.At the same time renewed peace talks.In late February 1856 opened the Paris Congress.He completed his work March 18 conclusion of the Treaty of Paris.
