socio-political movement in Russia in the 19th century differed breadth of content and variety of methods of action.This largely determined the fate of the country in the future.
First Century as a socio-political movement formed conservatism.Karamzin (his theoretical) said that the monarchy at the time most suitable for the current level of development of education and human morality.
In the period from 1830 to 1840 years of the heated debates about the uniqueness of the Russian historical path capture social circles.Thus, a socio-political movement "Westerners" and "Slavophiles."
main figures from Westerners is a group of professors, writers, publicists Petersburg (Cavelin, Botkin, Granovsky).They argued about the development of the general law in all civilized countries.The peculiarity of Russia, they only saw her from the backwardness of other countries, both in the political and economic sphere.Westerners believed ready perception of advanced forms of social and economic life of the most important challenges facing the society and the authorities.By this, they are primarily meant the abolition of serfdom, class differences at the legal level, the entrepreneurial freedom, the development of local governance as well as democratization of the judicial system.
resist Westerners Slavophiles.Among the leading figures of this movement should be called brothers Aksakov, Khomyakov, brothers Kireevskys.They believed that the historical movement of Russia is radically different from the way in Western Europe.At the same time they rejected the theory of the political and economic backwardness of the country, saying that the state characteristic difference from the norm in Europe.
social and political movements of the 1840s consisted mainly of officers and students.Unite them around itself Butashevich- Petrashevsky.Participants engaged in an active course of educational activities, organize the production of an encyclopedic dictionary of a democratic and social content.
socio-political movement of the 1860s contributed to the formation of such an independent course, as liberalism.Its basis are the new magazines, newspapers, Zemsky bodies university professors.Liberalism had versatility.Its left wing was connected with the revolutionary underground, and the right - to the camp guardians.
In the early 1860s formed Sleptsova Chernyshevsky and other leaders of the movement "Land and Freedom" had enough strength to develop into an all-Russian organization.However, later it split into two camps.So formed political movements, which were called "redistribution" and "People's Will".The second, in fact, became the successor of "Land and Freedom".
Russian political movements of the 19th century to the 1870s gradually moved on to new activities.So, since 1874 it started quite a mass exit to the people, which was attended by thousands of young men and women.
Between 1870 E - 1880-mi years strengthened the Russian workers' movement.The first organization of the proletariat emerged in Odessa and St. Petersburg, despite its scarcity, contributed to revise their positions revolutionaries.
activities forming the "Emancipation of Labour", under the leadership of Plekhanov, started with the translation and dissemination of publications in Russian Engels and Marx.The first Marxists argued that capitalism in the country has already begun, and the working class will have to lead the national struggle against the tsarist regime, for socialism and social justice.
In 1895 Plekhanov and his associates created quite numerous organizations that actively acted in individual workers strikes.
