industrial revolution that began in the late 18th century in England and later engulfed the developed countries (in the 19th century), is the replacement of hand-made machine, the transition from factory to factory.The leading social classes are the workers and the bourgeoisie.The basis of production are owned factories, equipped with machines.
industrial revolution has been gradual.In the first half of the 19th century after England Revolution covers the United States.Then came the industrial revolution in Europe.And in the eastern part of the industrial revolution has not ended.
beginning of the industrial revolution affected light industry.Then cover the beginning of the mechanization and other manufacturing industries.This period was marked by technological inventions, such as a lathe, a sewing machine, a new transport (steam train and boat), the types of communication (radio, telegraph, telephone).
In the second half of the 19th century industrial revolution entered a new stage of development.During this period the engine was invented by the ICE (internal combustion engine), the phonograph (sound recording and reproducing apparatus), the discovery of oil, chemical industry.People began to actively use the electricity.
industrial revolution took place in favorable conditions.They created a US education.Mechanical looms and spinning wheels appeared in America in 1789.After working emigrant from England Pleyter drawing up the loom, after a year in the United States began working the first textile factory production.After fifty years, the consumption of cotton in the factories of America has grown more than twenty-two times.
should be noted that the highest activity on the introduction of steam engines was observed since the beginning of the forties of the 19th century.This relatively late introduction was due to the spread of the water motor, compared with steam, cheaper.
great importance in the development of the industrial revolution in America was given to the construction of railways.In the period from 1830 to 1850 was more than five-fold increase of the railway network.
growth of the mining industry and metallurgical industry has been associated largely with the mechanization of transport.Thus, in the first half of the 19th century there was an increase in the production of pig iron 12 times, and the extraction angle - of a few thousand.
industrial revolution allowed the United States to develop its own machinery.For example, in Pennsylvania, New York, were built large factories for the production of steam engines.
should be noted that a great contribution to the development of industry in the United States have made the genius of engineering (Colt, Singer, Morse).The country gained momentum agricultural machinery, which was due to the increasing needs of the farm.During the '40s -' 50s in America were created by excellent mechanical threshers, seeders, mowers and other equipment.
For fifty years, the United States imports increased by 4 times, and exports 3.7.However, in the mid-19th century in the leading position in exports is still occupied agricultural products and raw materials.
In Russia, the process of the industrial revolution was not consistent with the territorial and industry sector.This was the reason for a sufficiently long, half a century of the country's transition from manual labor to automated production.Mechanization began in the cotton industry in the thirties, and ended in the steel industry in the eighties.
the time of the abolition of serfdom, more than 60% of production in the manufacturing industry produced civilian workers in the factories.
In the mid-19th century, was founded about a hundred machine industry, but industry continued to use manual labor.
