Berlin wall is a protective structure.It was erected in 1961 on August 13th.Construction of the Berlin Wall was an initiative of the government of the GDR.Until 1989, this fence divides the city.West Berlin was separated from the East and the German Democratic Republic.According to its government during the lifetime of the fence while trying to cross it killed about 125 people.However, according to other sources, the death toll was at least 1245 people.
Berlin Wall has become one of the symbols of the "cold war."
Before the construction of facilities there open border between the eastern and western part of the city.The dividing line ran along the houses, waterways, streets and canals.Officially, there was a 81 checkpoint in the streets, 13 in the subway and rail within the city.At the same time there were illegal ways.There are their more than one hundred.Every day, for various reasons they need from 300 to 500 thousand people crossed the border.In the absence of a clear physical boundary between the two zones, there are often conflicts and massive leaks in the German specialists.The Germans, who lived in the eastern part, preferred to study in the GDR (where it was free), and work on the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.
emergence of the Berlin Wall to a serious aggravation of the political situation around Berlin.The West German government stepped up "Hallstein Doctrine" in 1957.It provided an immediate severance of diplomatic relations with any state that recognized the GDR.In addition, the West German government had rejected the proposal on the Eastern part of Germany, the formation of a confederation of states of Germany.Instead, West Berlin insisted on holding elections.At the same time, in 1958 the GDR authorities were declared claims of sovereignty over the Western part of the country, on the basis of "finding her in the territory of the GDR."
In the face of the deteriorating situation around Berlin in the period from 3rd to 5th August 1961 in Moscow, convened a meeting of Heads of State Police.It Walter Ulbricht (GDR leader) insisted on the closure of the border.After receipt of support from the allied countries on 12 August in accordance with this resolution was passed by the Council of Ministers of the GDR.In East Berlin, the police have led to full readiness.August 13 in the morning begun a project called "Chinese Wall 2".About 25 thousand armed groups have taken abroad.Actions they were under the guise of the East German army.And as the Soviet army was in a state of readiness.
By 15 August, the western part was completely demarcated by barbed wire.He started to build the Berlin Wall.Its construction and renovations lasted from 1962 to 1975.
After the Berlin Wall was built, citizens of the GDR had a special permit to visit the western part of the city.Seamlessly could pass only pensioners.Trying to escape from the GDR is punishable by imprisonment of eight years.Trying to destroy the protective structures the deprivation of liberty of not less than five years.For assistance in an attempt to escape from the GDR government imprisoned for life.
In 1898, under the influence of Soviet perestroika destroyed Hungary border fortifications on the border with Austria.However, the German Democratic Republic (partner of Austria in the Warsaw Pact) was not going to follow her example.Soon the German Republic lost control of rapidly occurring events.Thousands of East Germans began to go to the other Eastern European countries in order to get from there to Germany.Germans fled to the West via Hungary and.The opening of the Hungarian border deprived the raison d'être of the Berlin Wall.
In 1898, 9 November at a press conference convened by the Prime Minister in the GDR were Schabowski announced the new rules of the country visit.On the same evening, residents rushed to the fence.
destruction of the Berlin Wall became a national holiday.Thousands of West Berliners went out to meet the eastern guests.
