Classification and systematics - an independent branch of biology that produces the principles of separation of living organisms on certain groups of external characteristics and structural features of organisms.The common people, the word "animal" people usually mean mammals, not included in this section of birds, fish, insects, and others. In biology allocate 5 kingdoms of living organisms: the kingdom of bacteria, the kingdom of Protozoa, the kingdom of Fungi, the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom.Animals differ from other organisms heterotrophic nutrition and sedentary life.
classification of the animal world is built in such a way that each of its representatives have a type, class, order, family, genus and species.
types have been introduced into science by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in the early nineteenth century.Scientists proposed classification contained four types of animals: vertebrates, molluscs, jointed and radiant.Today there are more than ten types of animals, the most voluminous and widespread of them are chordates.
Classification of animals includes their division into five classes: fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals.The criteria for classification of a living organism to a particular class are its appearance and certain characteristics of the structure and functioning of organs and systems.For example, fish have a single chamber heart, reptiles - three-chambered, and mammals - Four-chamber with the separation of blood on the arterial and venous.In nature, animals were classes in the order in which they are named: the first were the fish and organisms become committed themselves mammals led by a man.
Further classification of animals offers to divide each class into several groups.There are, for example, the detachment cloven-hoofed animals, equines detachment, the detachment insectivores.In the taxonomy of plants similar taxon is not called detachment and order.
family brings together, the most similar to each other and have a common ancestor.For example, in the cat family includes a cat, lynx, tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, snow leopard, ocelot, and others. Canine unites wolf, coyote, dog, fox and others.
For a family to be born, and for native - view.The species is the smallest unit of systematics.The criterion for allocation of the aggregate of individuals in a single species is their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.Sometimes biologists speak of the existence of yet another feature, which allows individuals to recognize the totality of one view: they must stay within a certain range.However, this feature is a formal, isolation from the rest of one individual does not stop its belonging to their kin.Separating the trait, the scientists wanted to say that when individuals of a species living in different parts of the globe, it would be difficult to reproduce.The pairing of the various species often leads to the creation of hybrids, but such hybrids are no longer able to reproduce.
classification of animals is carried out by assigning the name of each new species and determine its belonging to the taxa based on morphological and genetic characteristics.Name of written in Latin, to the scientists from different countries were easier to work on a study of its populations.
In biology, taxonomy, there are alternatives.Repeatedly discussed by philosophers and biologists presented Borges classification of animals.Driving separating animals into groups it does not have, but a comprehensive list of the groups represented.Borges writes that according to the Encyclopedia of China, all the animals are divided into tame;belonging to the Emperor;Sirens;fabulous;countless;running around like crazy;stray dogs;embalmed;a distance similar to the flies;piglets;broken the flower vase;drawn by the finest brush made of camel hair;included in the classification;other.The classification of animals strange and incomprehensible, it is not recognized by science.
