human cell does not differ from that of others in the body of animals, if we consider only the general plan of the building.Analyzing the structure of human cells, cytology identified two areas that differ in function - the nucleus and cytoplasm.Daily activities, providing permanent needs of all living unit performs the cytoplasm.
All specific functions, such as muscle cells or reducing the transmission of nerve signals are also performed by the operation of the cytoplasm.Therefore, different types of cells cytoplasm differs.But the core structure of the same even in different species.
structure of the cell nucleus quite monotonous in terms of living a different type.There are clumps of chromatin and nucleoli.Chromatin is not a chemical compound is a DNA "packaged" condition.The chromatin is also a bit of RNA and proteins, histones.
kernel most often circular or oval.But there are also elongated and separated by transverse constrictions (as happens in neutrophils).Considering the structure of the human cell, it should be noted that there exists a whole system of membranes and interphase (outside the division), the kernel is always surrounded by the nuclear envelope.The shell has holes called nuclear pores.Through them in and out of the core tested macromolecule.
core internal environment is very different from the cell environment, it provides a thin diaphragm pores that pass only the desired substance into the nucleus.So the kernel communicates with the cytoplasm of chemical information.In the nucleolus rRNA forms necessary for the reproduction of the cell.Nucleoli often merge into one and can be seen in the microscope one large nucleolus.
Nuclear juice chemical composition - a colloidal solution of proteins, it is poorly painted on preparations for the electron microscope and looks like a light area in the micrographs.It's pretty sparse environment in which facilitated diffusion of metabolites, and genetic material can be moved very quickly.
And what does the cytoplasm?In her "duty" does not include only the organization of reproduction, everything else she can do.The structure of human cells such that the basis of life - oxidation, takes place in the cytoplasm.It is composed of a plurality of small structures that are called organelles or organelle, by analogy with the bodies in a large body.
Most organelles are membrane structures.Not only membranes contain free ribosomes, centrioles, cilia and flagella (all three organelles consist of microtubules) as well as fibrillar structure (microfilaments and fibrils).
structure of human cell membrane, in principle, that is, all departments are closed membranes.Mitochondria, for example, generally are composed of two layers of membranes, in which the synthesis of energy molecules - ATP as a result of reactions of cellular respiration.Mitochondria are unique, because they are parasites that have become symbionts.They have their own genome and generally quite independent.It is assumed that they are descended from bacteria.
Ribosomes, which are sometimes combined in polyribosomes, engaged in the synthesis of proteins required for the cytoplasm.And it is very necessary not only for the construction of structures, but also in order to keep the balance of osmotic pressure is normal.
endoplasmic reticulum is the bubbles, which are interconnected.Some of them have ribosomes.A protein that is synthesized by them, does not float in the juice of the cytoplasm - the cytosol, and is isolated from the cells before breeding or for use on other needs.
Golgi apparatus - something like a stack of bags.It collected and sorted different substances.Proteins are acquiring their final structure, and it is here that formed the lysosomes.
Speaking of lysosomes.They destroy unwanted cell components, if there is something wrong with them, developing storage diseases.After the death of the cells they destroy even the ambience of the living dead dead units, not just herself.
structure of living cells is different from the structure of the dead in the first place that comes to dead karyolysis - the disintegration of the nucleus and digesting the contents of the cell membranes of lysosomes after resorption.
