known theory of Maslow's needs immediately attracted wide attention of the scientific community, journalists and the public.You can not even clearly answer the question of why it has become so popular.Or thanks to a rather original scientific interpretation of the socio-economic realities of the modern world, or rather free interpretation of the canons of scientific analysis, because of what has got to what extent, scandalous.
Abraham Maslow - a famous American psychologist last century laid the foundations of the theory in the mid-fifties, during the period of the serious crisis of social science, which she experienced after the end of World War II and could not answer questions concerning man's place in the developing post-industrial society.The main work of the scientist - "Motivation and Personality" - became a kind of attempt to rethink the system of social relations in the framework of the emerging new, primarily economic reality.Therefore Maslow's theory became popular representatives of many branches of scientific knowledge, economists, sociologists, psychologists.Very firmly she went into the construction of some political science, especially in the part where the scientist draws conclusions about the need for a rigid institutionalization of political relations for the sake of stable economic development of the states.
In the simplest form, the concept of Maslow should be submitted as a doctrine, consisting of two fairly autonomous doctrines.
first of them - the theory of hierarchy of needs - has gained popularity in the development of models of post-industrial development, it is most fully reflected in the so-called theory of the welfare state, and, moreover, it has become an integral part of modern economic education as a section of the macroeconomic analysis.
Another area of scientific heritage - Maslow's theory of personality, which is based on the hypothesis of personal development based on the hierarchy of human needs.Its importance lies in the fact that Maslow was able to spend enough significant historical and social insight of the genetic development of the society in its organic connection with the development of each individual and the study of motives of this development.
scientific reasoning Maslow were built on the assertion that human needs have exactly the same genesis, but because of their relationship and interaction of the system has one thing in common - a hierarchy.The essence of this hypothesis can be easier to imagine such a way that whatever the different needs of different social groups and individuals in these systems is always present their own internal hierarchy.Oda is quite complex and diverse, so Maslow classifies needs according to certain criteria and identifies five major groups, mediated by different motives.In addition, Maslow's theory presupposes a classification of own motives, which they regarded as the deficit and existential.
The first category is the author considers the concept of the motives that motivate the people to work to meet the vital needs - food, rest, sleep, etc.
existential motifs direct person receiving pleasure, acquire a higher status, to implement their plans.These motifs are clearly visible only when the needs of the motives of the first group are not relevant.This is the first party needs Maslow hierarchical model.
themselves needs Maslow's theory is classified into five major groups, they are not just distributed to certain grounds, and built in strict hierarchical order, which gave the Maslow pyramid shape.
At the base of the pyramid are physiological needs, ie, those that are motivated to initiate activities for the extraction of food and other physical attributes of life support.
At the second level of Maslow arranged needs related to security.
the next "floor" of the pyramid Maslow arranged needs of social and physiological order associated with intercourse, sexual satisfaction, reproduction.
needs to be updated in the social self of man, in the pyramid of Maslow is on the fourth level.
And, finally, the need for self-actualization of man, his creative self-realization, Maslow's theory assigns a place at the top of the pyramid.
This system is dynamic and interdependent: a certain level of achievement in meeting the needs of a natural motif serves to meet the needs of the next.
In the later period of scientific activity Maslow's ranking has moved from the needs of their simple classification to the needs and development needs.
