During the existence of civilization, both on the everyday level, and in science, has developed a lot of ideas about how the formation and development of personality.This diversity is due to quite different approaches to the understanding and interpretation of how the objective driving forces behind this development, as well as to the justification of mental impulses that govern the behavior of each individual, and which are purely subjective.In a study of the nature of the personal development and understanding of the important steps and patterns, and many other circumstances which, anyway, which determine the formation and development of personality.
Such perspectives formed, so much that modern science to better distinguish them, using the method of classification of theories of human development and personality for a number of their common features.
consider some of them in terms of fixing the most significant differences, and scientific priorities.
psychoanalytic theory considers the formation of personality as a natural process in which there is a natural human adaptation to life within the environment, which is inherent in him as a biological species.According to one of the founders of this concept Freud, in the framework of this process, the genesis of certain security features and agreeing with them, the prisoners in a human potentials to address the needs.
In accordance with the concept of hell, self-knowledge and personal development is connected with the process of in vivo formation of personal characteristics that are not correlated in any way with any of the known biological processes.Priority factor in the framework of this doctrine is biased towards the social environment, society.
concept of social learning much like that of modern psychology and sociology refers to the process of socialization.According to this view, personal development - is, first of all, an uninterrupted process of human exploration of certain methods and means of interactions and patterns of social behavior.At the same time brought to the forefront forms of interpersonal interaction.
considering the formation and development of personality, psychology phenomenological sense and its humanistic direction interpret it as a movement of the person's own "I-pattern", the content of this sample is extremely blurred and determined by not only social and cultural factors, but also mental and physical.
In the second half of the last century began to spread and become increasingly popular concept of integrative personal development.They still do not have well-established names, so they can be found under the guise of ecumenical view of human nature and the processes of development, many of its aspects are present in the cosmological constructions, integrative approach is applied in some theological teachings.
Integrative concept aims to unite different, already set out the points of view on how the formation and development of personality.In the framework of an attempt to address this process in terms of understanding the system.One of the most well-known theories of integrative development is the teaching of the famous American psychologist and sociologist E. Erickson.This scientist has proved the so-called epigenetic principle, which is based on a hypothetical idea that a person in the course of a sequence of passes certain phases, which are characterized by their content to all mankind.The next phase usually ends with a crisis that captures the human achievement of all claims that may be brought to him at this stage of development in the framework of the social and cultural environment.
Such formation and personality development Erikson treated as a substantial transformation of the inner world, the system of relations with the surrounding society and nature, which are easily observable traits of human character, his behavior and thinking.Total number of such transition points-crisis Erickson identified eight, based on analysis of the major age-related changes, which are peculiar to the vast number of people.Assessing concept Erickson in general, we should recognize that, claiming the role of integrative view of the process of identity formation, it is not free from the influence of psychoanalytic theory.
