As rightly noticed many, genetics is the queen of sciences.Indeed, the issues related to this science, is one of the most important, as they determine, as they say, the quality of the offspring is born.Genetics always helps in solving problems such as the search for new treatments for serious diseases.
One way to work in genetics is Hybridological method.It is not nothing but a method of studying heredity.Its essence is this: if there is sreschivanie two species, their descendants will inherit a set of features that will be determined by the genotype.This method is known as Mendel Hybridological method.He was the first who crossed different varieties of peas, which differed from each other in some respects.For example, they differed in the size of seeds, their shape, color, and the height of the stem, and so forth.Mendel carried out numerous operations on crossing different species and observed how manifest all the signs in the first, second and other generations of hybrids.Such work Scientists have conducted many varieties of peas, so he was able to establish some laws that relate to the quantitative ratio of hybrid plants, and they usually have some properties of the initial variety.
hybridological method can be divided into several types.The simplest of them is none other than the monohybrid cross.It is only a few differences between the parental forms, as a rule, it is just a couple of features.
If you give specific examples of what is called a cross between varieties of peas with green seeds and yellow.Following the experiments, Mendel came to the conclusions that have become by some postulates of genetics.Firstly, it is a rule relating to the uniformity of the first hybrid generation.Secondly, it should be said about the law of splitting the second-generation hybrid.And, thirdly, we should note the hypothesis of purity of gametes.
If we talk about the rule of uniformity of the first generation, that is to say that it implies a similarity of the first generation with the parents on all grounds.
you can not watch the complete dominance signs of one parent over the other signs.
hybridological method can be considered as a special case of genetic analysis.He is usually preceded by the so-called breeding method.It is necessary to choose or create a raw material, which will be studied later.Mendel in this case worked with pea seeds that are self-pollinating.
It's no secret that in some cases, a process which is called direct Hybridological method can not be used.This applies to inheritance of traits in humans.The fact that in this case can not be planned crosses and nevzmozhno provide parameters such as fertility, as well as the timing of puberty.For this reason, use of genetics and some other methods.
example, cytogenetic methods.Their study involved science cytogenetics.It does not exclude such thing as Hybridological analysis, but it deals with the study of visible carriers of genetic information.It is not nothing but a mitotic, meiotic and polytene chromosomes and mitochondria and plastids.Thus, cytological methods primarily involve the study of chromosome set.
For this study used the following methods: a method of light microscopy, as well as numerous methods mikrospicheskih tests, which are conducted with the help of some electronic devices.
