Under the acronym emergency (emergency) understand some negative situation created as a result of the environmental impact of various factors.The area of their distribution can vary from small areas to entire cities or countries, in theory, even around the globe.Depending on the origin of such a situation are divided into several groups.Each group, in turn, may contain descriptions of several similar emergencies.
Causes of Extreme conditions may be different accidents in factories and enterprises (especially dealing with chemical, military, or other potentially hazardous industries).Also here it is necessary to list and natural disasters, adverse or abnormal natural phenomena, and other man-caused accidents and anthropogenic origin.As a rule, the occurrence of emergency entails multiple negative consequences: in one way or another is caused by damage to the environment, health of people or their property.
Types of natural disaster
natural emergencies has the same general criteria as other types of emergencies.In particular, it may be local or distributed on a rather large area.One of the characteristic features is its natural appearance.This should include potentially hazardous geological phenomena (subsidence, volcanic activity), peat and forest fires, intense meteorological phenomena (such as storms, large hail, hurricanes, snow, monsoon rains or tornadoes).There is also a natural disaster nature accident are hydrological (flooding), mass pests and infectious epidemics among animals and humans, changes in the air or the aquatic environment.
Most of the international classifications of environmental emergencies, which include pollution, isolated in a separate group.The reasons for this lie in a mixed solution of the origin of ecological disasters: it plays an important role direct human influence, while a blizzard or hurricane occur regardless of the impact of anthropogenic factors.But in the CIS all combined into one category.So, too, such disasters should be referred to emergency situations of natural character.Thus, there are only two main groups: natural and man-made emergencies.
Classification of emergency situations of natural character in Russia
Despite the high development of science and technology, man continues to be vulnerable to the forces of nature as well as in the early days of its appearance.This is especially true in times of disasters, when the element breaks into our usual, well-established way of life and changes it completely.Analysis of emergencies that have occurred in recent decades, giving disappointing forecasts.According to the observations of scientists every year the number of victims of disaster only increases (an average of 8.5 percent).Sami natural disasters have become more devastating 4.3 percent.And this despite the well-developed system to predict and prevent such events in the world.
Moreover, in our time, it is obvious that anthropogenic impact still has an indirect effect on the occurrence of an emergency.The tragic and seemingly random natural disasters may be caused by our own thoughtless actions.So, over time, deforestation has led to an increase in the frequency of floods in Russia and significantly expanded the scope of this dangerous phenomenon.
total on the territory of our country is about 30 natural events that pose a potential threat to people.The most destructive force of them have storms, hurricanes and tornadoes.Livni, earthquakes, landslides and avalanches are of particular concern in the mountainous regions.A forest fire is necessary to conduct an annual struggle in the taiga forests.Because while the underdeveloped warning system, many of the phenomena described above become even more dangerous.
According to statistics, more often we meet emergencies of atmospheric origin (28%), in second place are earthquakes (24%) and the third place is occupied seasonal flooding (19%).However, about forty percent of the entire territory of Russia are considered to be full-fledged earthquake-prone zones.It is known that an earthquake - one of the worst natural disaster nature, to predict that it is very difficult.In most cases this is not possible.The situation is complicated by the fact that these areas are located in some of the major radiation and chemically hazardous objects.
