in the history of school education in Western Europe and the United States there are many periods of interest for the modern Russian education.
education systems in Western Europe and the United States were formed under the influence of powerful discoveries in the natural sciences at the turn of XIX - XX centuries, including in child psychology.At this time, it got the start reformist pedagogy, many of the ideas that were relevant and in demand these days.
Italian physician Maria Montessori training proposed formula "based on the child."Swedish writer E.Key based methods of the natural consequences - the creation of exercises for the development of the child's natural forces.American educator John Dewey was the founder of the project method and pedagogy focused on practical life skills.
During this period, actively develop new models of school, "school action" August Wilhelm Lai in Germany, the "School of life through life" O.Dekroli in France.Emerging international educational organizations and movements that proclaim freedom, prirodosoobraznosti education and training.In the first place - the educational interests of students, taking into account individual, stimulating activity.
traditional class-task system has been criticized because of the strict regulation of the learning process and limit the actions of the child.
«Reformed» pedagogy gave rise to a revision of the traditional education systems in Europe and the United States.In 40-60 years of the XX century, the essential starting school education reform.At the heart of transformation lay a desire to learn initiative, independent, creative people, capable of working at the level of advanced technology.Another area of reform - the creation of a multivariate general education.
reform American education system in 1961 put forward the principle of mandatory "Five bases": English language and literature, mathematics, natural science, social science, computer engineering.The remaining items - elective courses, which were about a thousand.
education system in Germany, too, has become a "basic items plus elective courses" and introduced new core areas - technical, agricultural, technical and technological, musical, and utilities.
In England such alterations affected public schools.The education system looked like this: 50% of the school time is devoted to English language and literature, mathematics, religion, physical education;50% - packs compulsory elective subjects - humanitarian, natural science, mathematics.
education system in the United States and reformed in the direction of working with gifted children at the level of government programs.There were "supersady" for gifted children up to five years.The schools were selected talented children (the main criterion - the ability to think outside the box), and were tested.About 35 thousand gifted students receive exemptions for admission to the best universities of the country.To prepare students for future government programs have been created, "Start" and "Sesame" in which organized pre-school classes of children, and there were 130 educational TV program for preschoolers.
in 60-80 years of XX century to the foreign system of education had a great influence experimental schools that test new teaching methods.
«Open School" is an educational institution full-time: in the first half - the lessons in the second half - group lessons (theater, trips, drawing, walking).
«School Without Walls" at no additional cost helping to reduce class size and to intensify interest in the learning process.The study was carried out in the basic disciplines of the school, and elective courses were conducted in industrial plants, offices, etc.
«Alternative School" in the United States served as a contrasting class-lesson system - each student an individual training plan;employment in research centers, libraries, museums;involvement of parents in the learning process.
is no doubt that the education system abroad evolved in a humanistic orientation, focused on the personal development of children, as well as widely introduced specialized education and specialization.
