What to teach and how to teach?This question was left on throughout the history of schooling.And educators and politicians are well aware, the role played by educational content for the education of the younger generation and for the development of the state as a whole.Therefore, in the history of the known, for example, the Spartan system of education, a tournament system of education in Europe, educational programs gentlemen in England.
In the history of education in Russia, too, there are interesting times when the educational program of the school was changed radically.One of these reforms was the restructuring of the school in the young Soviet republic.
After the events of October 1917 at the helm of school life appeared Lunacharskii and Krupskaya.Their labors in 1918 were adopted by the first documents about the school.If you read the "Basic Principles of the Unified Labor School" from today's perspective of the Russian school, then it's safe to call them contemporary and modern.
examining education programs the United States and Europe, and Krupskaya Lunacharskii included in the basis of the new Soviet school of the most progressive ideas.
Respect for the individual student and the rejection of physical punishment, active learning methods, individual approach to each student, the development of gifted children and care for the laggards - this is an incomplete list of the school proclaimed reforms.
New School renounced the use of physical punishment of pupils with rods.Requiring teachers to put forward one - able to captivate the children the lesson that there is no cause for disciplinary action.The best promotion of students - student government.
education programs unified labor school were concentrated around three main areas of student life: nature, labor, society.In those years, the teachers proposed to use what we today call integrated education.
main subject of initial training - a kind of children's encyclopedia.For example, choose an object animate or inanimate nature (pet mechanism, natural phenomenon) and considered from the standpoint of the use of people, according to information on the physical and chemical properties of the object, its origin, history and development, etc.That is acquainted with the objects of reality had to be comprehensively from the viewpoint of all the sciences.
exaggerated idea of the reform program of education of those times can be seen in the film "Two Captains" by V.Kaverinu.Remember how students studied a cow.A lesson learned the native language to write the word "cow" for geography studies, where these same cows live.
Improvement of Education in Soviet Russia assumed, and the introduction of new teaching methods.The school came to the project method.Pupils learn to plan their training, conduct research, protection projects aimed at transforming the life around.The core of the educational programs of the Unified Labor School was productivity.Labor and active, creative knowledge of the outside world - that is what the reformers sought.
But their ideas do not come true then.On the one hand, not all the teachers were able to see the future development of reform ideas.On the other hand, the impending totalitarian regime did not need an active-minded people.
In September 1931 the party adopted a resolution, which condemns and method of projects (because he was a bourgeois), and productive work, and activity in teaching.For many years the school has come reproductive system of education based on the principle of "the question of the teacher - student response»
Only in the 90s of the twentieth century Russian school again heard about the method issleovatelskoy projects and activities of the humanistic education.
