main fungal diseases of grain plants are such parasites as ergot, smut and rust.
development begins ergot of rye in the flowers on the stage of the ovary, resulting in the ear instead of grain produced sclerotia of the fungus-parasite, which leads to lower yields.In addition, the grain trapped in the sclerotia (which contain toxic substances), and subsequently with the same milled them, cause poisoning of humans and animals.Also, these mushrooms-parasites can develop some kind of wild grasses and barley.
Smut fungi, parasites may develop in the ovaries of flowers.They hit the stems and growing point at which he formed ear, lower yield than cause great damage to agriculture.These fungi are parasites of plants vozdeystuyut for all types of cereal grain, but flowing nature of diseases is different for each type of cereal.The most ruthless parasite is considered to loose smut, the damage of which can reach up to ten percent of the crop.In addition, this type of plant parasitic fungi can settle and wild grasses.
How to multiply the fungus parasitic examples before you.
mushroom mycelium developing in the affected organ, falls into disputes with almost black shells, so that the stem (ears) mushrooms parasites of plants give the charred appearance.
Struck loose smut barley forms a spike with a strong strain having dark mass of dusty spores instead of flowers and ears of wheat and smut, forming their disputes within the grain.
Smut fungi parasites plant rye stems affect the culture.
Oats undergoes two types of diseases: dusty and covered smut (dust is more common).
Wheat same parasitic fungus hit a bunt.
Mushrooms-parasites that cause rust, hit the stalks and leaves of plants, appear as stripes of brown or orange color, then passing a black or dark brown.Rust affects both grain and wild grasses, as well as some other kinds of crops.Although direct damage to cereal grains such fungi parasites do not bring, they contribute to the emergence of bad content, shriveled grains and lower yields.Rust fungi, parasites can be divided into three types:
- linear rust (most prevalent among this type);
- brown rust (affecting mainly wheat and rye);
- Crown rust (prefer to develop on oats).
Rust fungi, parasites and affect other plants, such as clover, flax, timothy.Even such as foxtail and wheatgrass, too, can not resist them.
hazards when infecting the above fungi parasites of wild and cultivated herbs is that they eventually become poisonous and unfit for feeding livestock.An example of the harm caused by fungi, parasites can be seen in the fact that half a percent of infected plants containing hay is difficult to cure diseases of livestock and sometimes ends in death of the animal.
Mushrooms-parasites infect plants and winter grains (fungus Sclerotinia).To the output of the plant from the snow stems and leaves are covered with a grayish already felt fungal filaments that grow later in the sheaths of leaves and stems in the dark, small (one to six millimeters) sclerotia.Then, these plants after the snow turn yellow, dry out and die.
Winter subjected to yet another danger, which comes to them in the form of the greenhouse effect.The cause of the greenhouse effect is damping-off, accompanied by a simultaneous development of parasitic snow mold, which is at fault in causing the fungus Fusarium.
Mushroom-parasite is necessary to conduct uncompromising struggle, or remain without bread, without animal products.
