Muscle tissue is striated and smooth.The muscles of the neck, together with the muscles of the trunk, limbs and head are a group of striated.According to the location of the neck muscles are divided into three groups: medial, superficial and deep.Deep in turn are divided into two subgroups: the medial and lateral or prespinal.Front, middle and posterior scalene muscles of the neck belong to the second subgroup.Cut the front muscles on one side leads to the necks vstoronu reduction on both sides - to tilt forward.If the cervical spine is fixed, there is uplift of the first rib.Start of anterior scalene muscle is located in the III-VI of the vertebrae of the neck and fastened it on the first edge.Average muscle also helps to tilt forward or neck lifts first rib.This depends on the location of its attachment.It starts from the processes II-VII of the vertebrae of the neck that come across, and is also attached to the first edge, but behind the subclavian artery groove.
back muscle raises the second edge.If it is fixed to the chest, then it leads to the fold of the spine in the neck.Its beginning - bumps IV-VI of the vertebrae of the neck, and the end - the outer surface and the top edge of the second rib.The muscles of the neck and head are linked, as the muscles belonging to the medial subgroup controls the rotation of the head and her leaning forward and sideways.So, the long muscles of the neck of the medial sub-group leads to the slopes of the neck to one side and forward.A long muscles of the head helps to tilt forward and head and spine in the cervical region and contributes to the rotation of the head.Front head arm, respectively, leads to the slopes of the head forward, and the side - in the direction where it is fixed.Superficial neck muscles consist of:
- subcutaneous muscles of the neck, which is covering the closely spaced veins, slightly lifts the skin of the neck, as she pulls down the corner of his mouth and out;
- sternocleidomastoid muscle.If it is reduced to one side, there is a turn of the head to the other side, and if both sides - to throw back his head back.
Median neck muscles are divided into those that are located above the hyoid bone and underneath.Muscles suprahyoid there are four types:
1. digastric muscle consists of two bryushek - front and back, connected by a bridge of tendons.It leads to a lowering and pulling of the lower jaw back.If fixed in one position, the hyoid bone is raised.
2. shilopodyazychnaya muscle pulls the bone back outward and upward.
3. Muscle oral and sublingual takes a direct part in the formation of the aperture of the mouth.It performs two functions depending on the position of the hyoid muscles: if that is fixed, it lowers the lower jaw, and if not - raises the hyoid bone.
4. The muscle tightens the chin-hyoid hyoid bone and forth, up and at the same time, but if you rely on this bone, it leads to a lowering of the lower jaw.
sublingual neck muscles, too, are of four types:
1. scapular-hyoid muscle, thin and long, divided into two abdominal intermediate tendon.Both abdomen interconnected bridge of tendons.If the blade is strengthened, this muscle pulls out and down the hyoid bone, and simultaneously record pretracheal cervical fascia pulls, thereby expanding the lumen of deep veins of the neck.
2. Muscle sternohyoid pulls the hyoid bone downwards.
3. sterno-thyroid muscle pulls down the throat.
4. Muscle schitopodyazychnaya is a logical continuation of the sterno-thyroid muscles.It makes it possible rapprochement with the larynx, the hyoid bone, if the hyoid bone is fixed, this muscle raises the larynx.
Violation of the muscular system, triggered by a variety of factors - stretching, bruises, swelling, inflammation and the like, can have serious consequences and require medical intervention.
