to objectively understand the issues of the human psyche within the phylogeny, it should clarify the content of the concept.
Phylogeny is the development of a biological organism due to the historical circumstances and factors that accompany this development and serve as its source.Schematise it can be represented as branching tree which grows in the growth process and some branches are killed while others develop.
Several other content acts ontogeny term, coined by Ernst Haeckel, and involves consideration of development as a process of realization of the genetic potential of an organism or its components and functions.
To date, science has developed a lot of directions and doctrines that explore the development of the psyche in the phylogeny.Their main difference appears that they are using a variety of approaches and the basic criteria for the evaluation of certain parameters of the human psyche.
consider some of them.
Antropopsihizm - the doctrine that justified René Descartes, comes from the fact that recognized the axiomatic status of a psyche only this species as a man.In this sense, Descartes takes the thought of the evolutionary patterns of occurrence of the psyche and its external conditioning.
representatives of other schools - panpsychism (this is, first of all, representatives of the French materialism of Helvetius, Diderot, La Mettrie) believed that the development of the psyche in the phylogeny has no substantive limitations and inherent in all that surrounds us, such as stone, water, wood.In this they saw spirituality of all existence.
more moderate compared with the theory panpsychism a look at the development of the psyche in the phylogeny, which adhered to the founders biopsihizma - Erich Fromm, A. Lowen.They attributed the presence of the mind only to wildlife, including plants.
quite common in the scientific world view is neyropsihizma representatives - scientific school, which is called the founder of Charles Darwin.According to this doctrine, the development of the psyche in the phylogeny can occur only in those organisms that possess a nervous system.The school, in fact, was not only dominant in Soviet science, but also, perhaps, the only one that did not cause the ideological criticism and persecution.However, there are still many questions that could not answer neyropsihizm, although the contribution of some of its representatives in the world of science can not be overestimated.
find out how is the development of the psyche in the course of phylogeny, the founders tried a narrower direction neyropsihizma - mozgopsihizm, one of the main scientific ideology which is outstanding neuropsychologist KK Platonov.The representatives of this paradigm insisted that the psyche - the attribute of those organisms which have not only the nervous system and the most advanced of its elements - the brain.Brains were indeed only in higher animals has a tubular structure, while the insects, for example, have the structure of nodular structure of the nervous system.
Despite significant differences of these knowledge systems, they all recognize that the presence of human consciousness and the mind is the hallmark it as a species.This is true not only of mental development in the phylogenetic process.This property also characterizes the development of the psyche in ontogenesis.
Evolution psyche involves several stages:
- the transition from the motor-sensory perception and reflection to the perceptual form;
- perceptive movement from form to the intellectual stage;
- the development of mental potential of the intellectual level of consciousness, in which the main properties parametrium psyche of the individual the ability to perform object-creation of the real environment in images, language acquisition, development and appropriate use of knowledge in everyday life and behavioral norms.
considering each of these phases is a fairly extensive task, given the multiplicity of interpretations and extremely subjective nature of the evidence base that is used in this field of science.
