Oil - a natural oily liquid that has the property of combustibility and consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, and some elements of organic origin.
Speaking of color, the oil can be reddish-brown or black.There are some types of oil that are yellow-green or have no color at all.
oil usually has few odor.Inventories find it in sedimentary rocks of the Earth.
Today oil - this is the most important minerals.
Needless to say, that the activities associated with the extraction and refining of oil, has always been, is and will be profitable.The most important thing in this case is the high qualification of employees, their skills, abilities and knowledge necessary for the proper organization of activities.
to organize activities upstream and downstream, is necessary to know well the properties of the substance.
study of these properties is engaged in a science, which is called the Oil and gas geology.In addition to the properties of the oil, this science studies and construction of oil and gas.All this knowledge to help design a rational system for the extraction of oil, as well as to analyze the development of deposits of minerals.
One of the important features is the viscosity of the oil.This property is changed in a rather large range.This may be 1.98 square millimeters per second, or 265, 90 square millimeters per unit of time.
These figures are typical for different types of oil that are being developed in our country.
oil viscosity depends on its fractional composition, and temperature.A pattern can be distinguished: the higher the temperature, the more oil fractions passes, the lower the viscosity thereof.
viscosity oil, along with molecular weight, density, crystallization temperature, heat capacity, electrical conductivity, flash point is a physical property.
If we look at the literature, it becomes clear that there is a special classification of oil viscosity.
Typically, the sulfur can be a low-sulfur oil, sulfurous and sour.
If the substance is classified by content fractions which boil over a temperature 3500 degrees Celsius, the oil can be divided into such types as T1, T2 and T3.Type T1 assumes a number of fractions, less than 45 percent.Type T2 indicates the presence of 30 - 44 percent of the fractions and the type T3 indicates that fraction has less than 30 percent.
Speaking of oil content, the oil can be divided into types of M1, if the oil contains from 25 percent or more, and M2, if the oil is contained in less than 25 percent.
The quality of crude oils is divided into type I1, if the viscosity index greater than 85, and I2 type, if the index ranges from 40 to 85.
These classifications can be combined with each other, and that will be the code of the product classification process.
often necessary to reduce the viscosity of the oil.For this there are several methods.Among them are heated at high temperatures, an emulsion of oil in an aqueous medium with use of special emulsifiers.
can also affect fluid different types of electromagnetic radiation, or process oil using ultrasonic vibrations, and they should be very high intensity.
Most often, in spite of this diversity, using heat, applying the boilers that generate heat during combustion of coal, natural gas or oil directly, which is taken from the same pipeline.
You can also use the heat that is released during the operation of pumps in pumping oil at a special station, or directly heat the oil.
